Protocol for Light-Shift Compensation in a Continuous-Wave Microcell Atomic Clock

Abstract

Light-shifts are known to be an important limitation to the mid- and long-term fractional frequency stability of different types of atomic clocks. In this article, we demonstrate the experimental implementation of an advanced anti-light shift interrogation protocol onto a continuous-wave (CW) microcell atomic clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT). The method, inspired by the Auto-Balanced Ramsey (ABR) spectroscopy technique demonstrated in pulsed atomic clocks, consists in the extraction of atomic-based information from two successive light-shifted clock frequencies obtained at two different laser power values. Two error signals, computed from the linear combination of signals acquired along a symmetric sequence, are managed in a dual-loop configuration to generate a clock frequency free from light-shift. Using this method, the sensitivity of the clock frequency to both laser power and microwave power variations can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared to normal operation. In the present experiment, the consideration of the non-linear light-shift dependence allowed to enhance light-shift mitigation. The implemented technique allows a clear improvement of the clock Allan deviation for time scales higher than 1000 s. This method could be applied in various kinds of atomic clocks such as CPT-based atomic clocks, double-resonance Rb clocks, or cell-stabilized lasers.