A liquid nitrogen-cooled Ca+ optical clock with systematic uncertainty of 3×10-18

Yao Huang, Baolin Zhang, Mengyan Zeng, Yanmei Hao, Huaqing Zhang, H. Guan, Zheng Chen, Miao Wang, K. Gao
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引用次数: 15

Abstract

Here we present a liquid nitrogen-cooled Ca+ optical clock with an overall systematic uncertainty of 3×10-18. In contrast with the room-temperature Ca+ optical clock that we have reported previously, the temperature of the blackbody radiation (BBR) shield in vacuum has been reduced to 82(5) K using liquid nitrogen. An ion trap with a lower heating rate and improved cooling lasers were also introduced. This allows cooling the ion temperature to the Doppler cooling limit during the clock operation, and the systematic uncertainty due to the ion’s secular (thermal) motion is reduced to < 1×10-18. The uncertainty due to the probe laser light shift and the servo error are also reduced to < 1×10-19 and 4×10-19 with the hyper-Ramsey method and the higher-order servo algorithm, respectively. By comparing the output frequency of the cryogenic clock to that of a room-temperature clock, the differential BBR shift between the two was measured with a fractional statistical uncertainty of 7×10-18. The differential BBR shift was used to calculate the static differential polarizability, and it was found in excellent agreement with our previous measurement with a different method. This work suggests that the BBR shift of optical clocks can be well suppressed in a liquid nitrogen environment. This is advantageous because conventional liquid-helium cryogenic systems for optical clocks are more expensive and complicated. Moreover, the proposed system can be used to suppress the BBR shift significantly in other types of optical clocks such as Yb+, Sr+, Yb, Sr, etc.
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一种系统不确定度为3×10-18的液氮冷却Ca+光钟
在这里,我们提出了一个液氮冷却的Ca+光学时钟,其总体系统不确定度为3×10-18。与我们之前报道的室温Ca+光学时钟相比,在真空中使用液氮的黑体辐射(BBR)屏蔽的温度降低到82(5)K。还介绍了一种加热速率更低、冷却激光器性能更好的离子阱。这允许在时钟运行期间将离子温度冷却到多普勒冷却限制,并且由于离子的长期(热)运动引起的系统不确定性降低到< 1×10-18。采用超拉姆齐法和高阶伺服算法,测头激光光移的不确定度和伺服误差也分别降至< 1×10-19和4×10-19。通过比较低温时钟和室温时钟的输出频率,以分数统计不确定度7×10-18测量了两者之间的BBR差移。微分BBR位移用于计算静态微分极化率,结果与我们之前用不同方法测量的结果非常吻合。这项工作表明,在液氮环境下,光钟的BBR位移可以很好地抑制。这是有利的,因为用于光学钟的传统液氦低温系统更加昂贵和复杂。此外,该系统还可用于Yb+、Sr+、Yb、Sr等其他类型的光钟中显著抑制BBR偏移。
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