{"title":"Evaluation of tribological properties of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants: An experimental study","authors":"G. Kumar, H. Garg","doi":"10.1177/13506501231179776","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Growing environment concern has forced us for the development of environmentally acceptable lubricants. In this study, tribological properties of sesame oil and castor oil containing imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-ethyl 3methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCN]) (IL1), phosphonium-based ionic liquid Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P66614][BTMPP]) (IL2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives have been investigated using four-ball tester with ASTM D4172B. Three different concentrations of IL1, IL2 and TiO2 NPs were selected for the formulation of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants. It was found that castor oil with the addition of 0.03 ∅ of TiO2 NPs and 1.3 vol.% of IL1 shows the lowest specific wear rate amongst all investigated lubricant samples. It is evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of worn-out surfaces of steel balls that a combination of ball bearing effect and tribofilm formation is responsible for the improved tribological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"70 1","pages":"1757 - 1767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231179776","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Growing environment concern has forced us for the development of environmentally acceptable lubricants. In this study, tribological properties of sesame oil and castor oil containing imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-ethyl 3methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCN]) (IL1), phosphonium-based ionic liquid Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P66614][BTMPP]) (IL2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives have been investigated using four-ball tester with ASTM D4172B. Three different concentrations of IL1, IL2 and TiO2 NPs were selected for the formulation of vegetable oil–based ionanolubricants. It was found that castor oil with the addition of 0.03 ∅ of TiO2 NPs and 1.3 vol.% of IL1 shows the lowest specific wear rate amongst all investigated lubricant samples. It is evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of worn-out surfaces of steel balls that a combination of ball bearing effect and tribofilm formation is responsible for the improved tribological characteristics.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Engineering Tribology publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from academia and industry worldwide on the engineering science associated with tribology and its applications.
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