Perfiles Sociométricos de Adolescentes en Grupos Escolares de Enseñanza Media y Media-Superior de la Habana

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine sociometric profiles in a sample of adolescents in the school environment. The sample consisted of 301 eighth grade students and 344 eleventh grade students, distributed in 20 classrooms (10 per grade) from different schools in Havana. A sociometric questionnaire of direct and unlimited nominations was used as a data collection instrument. Garcia-Bacete procedure was used as an identification system for sociometric status. Results showed a profile of success and higher academic performance in white-skinned adolescents from families with high educational level. On the other hand, disadvantages were reflected for black and / or mixed-race students. They were the ones who showed the most discomfort with their educational context. Differences in the reasons for social choice and rejection were observed between eleventh grade men and women compared to eighth grade. These profiles showed how school groups mediate in the establishment of models of success, indifference, ambivalence, and rejection. The school, as a prelude and preparation for social life, must attend these models and subvert them when necessary.