Pollution Characteristics of Ambient Fine Particulate Matters at Mt. Halla-1100 and Gosan Sites in Jeju Island

Abstract

Ambient fine particulate matters of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected at the Mt. Halla-1100 site (a site at an altitude of 1100 meters on Mt. Halla) and the Gosan site, which comprise a typical mountainous site and coastal background site, respectively, on Jeju Island. The major water-soluble ionic species of these sites were analyzed. The average mass concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at the Mt. Halla-1100 site were 0.59 times lower and 0.78 times lower, respectively, than those at the Gosan site. The composition ratios of the major secondary air pollutants (nss-SO 4 , NO 3 , and NH 4 ) of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were 86.2% and 93.2%, respectively, at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, while those at the Gosan site were 67.7% and 87.2%, respectively. These results show the comparatively larger contributions at the Mt. Halla-1100 site. The principal component analysis reveals that the main affecting factors for the ionic compositions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles at both sites are the anthropogenic emission sources, especially the comparative influence of organic acids at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, and the marine sources at the Gosan site. Based on the neutralization factors, the fine particulate matters were acidified mainly by sulfuric and nitric acids, and the neutralization was relatively caused by calcium carbonate in PM 10