Han River in Korea is a crucial water resource and fish habitat. Nonetheless, its biodiversity is declining because of anthropogenic activities, particularly pollution. Fish species sensitive to environmental changes are monitored to conserve biodiversity and pollution monitoring. Fish species can be monitored based on environmental DNA (eDNA) which is released by organisms into the environment eDNA metabarcoding can compensate for the difficulties of collection-based fish monitoring and can be used for efficient monitoring. This study aimed to examine the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring fish species by performing eDNA metabarcoding of fish 12S rRNA from water samples collected from three locations in the Han River. The results were compared with collection-based survey data from the Water Environment Information System (Ministry of Environment of Korea) from the last three years. The results revealed 32 species that were identified in three locations through eDNA metabarcoding analysis. At all locations, eDNA metabarcoding detected 74.4% of the 43 fish species compared with the collection-based survey data, confirming as a valuable tool for monitoring fish species in Han River. Additionally, eDNA metabarcoding can be used as a tool to compensate for the limitations of collection-based surveys by detecting species with hiding characteristics and nocturnal species that are difficult to detect in collection-based surveys. The results of this study can be used as primary data to contribute to the conservation of fish biodiversity in Han River in the future.
{"title":"Examination of the Utility of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Monitoring Fish Species in Han Rivr, Korea","authors":"Min-Ho Mun, Hyung-Eun An, Chang-Bae Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.27.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.27.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Han River in Korea is a crucial water resource and fish habitat. Nonetheless, its biodiversity is declining because of anthropogenic activities, particularly pollution. Fish species sensitive to environmental changes are monitored to conserve biodiversity and pollution monitoring. Fish species can be monitored based on environmental DNA (eDNA) which is released by organisms into the environment eDNA metabarcoding can compensate for the difficulties of collection-based fish monitoring and can be used for efficient monitoring. This study aimed to examine the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring fish species by performing eDNA metabarcoding of fish 12S rRNA from water samples collected from three locations in the Han River. The results were compared with collection-based survey data from the Water Environment Information System (Ministry of Environment of Korea) from the last three years. The results revealed 32 species that were identified in three locations through eDNA metabarcoding analysis. At all locations, eDNA metabarcoding detected 74.4% of the 43 fish species compared with the collection-based survey data, confirming as a valuable tool for monitoring fish species in Han River. Additionally, eDNA metabarcoding can be used as a tool to compensate for the limitations of collection-based surveys by detecting species with hiding characteristics and nocturnal species that are difficult to detect in collection-based surveys. The results of this study can be used as primary data to contribute to the conservation of fish biodiversity in Han River in the future.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Ja Lee, Woo Hyun Yoon, Gwanjo Jeong, Seok-Ju Cho
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 24 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the South Han River and to assess human health risks of exposure to PFAS through ingestion of water in the same river. Surface water samples were collected in March, June, September, and December, 2023 at seven sampling sites in the river. Ten of the 24 PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFMPA, PFMBA, PFBS, PFOS, and GenX) were detected and PFBA, PFBS, and PFPeA were predominant. The highest concentration level of PFAS in the river was found at the S1 site, and its total concentration ranged from 691 to 1,021 ng/L. The hazard quotient values of four PFAS (i.e., PFBA, PFBS, PFHxA, and GenX) did not exceed one-tenth of the World Health Organization’s acceptable hazard level.
{"title":"Distribution and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the South Han River","authors":"In Ja Lee, Woo Hyun Yoon, Gwanjo Jeong, Seok-Ju Cho","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.27.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.27.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 24 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the South Han River and to assess human health risks of exposure to PFAS through ingestion of water in the same river. Surface water samples were collected in March, June, September, and December, 2023 at seven sampling sites in the river. Ten of the 24 PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFMPA, PFMBA, PFBS, PFOS, and GenX) were detected and PFBA, PFBS, and PFPeA were predominant. The highest concentration level of PFAS in the river was found at the S1 site, and its total concentration ranged from 691 to 1,021 ng/L. The hazard quotient values of four PFAS (i.e., PFBA, PFBS, PFHxA, and GenX) did not exceed one-tenth of the World Health Organization’s acceptable hazard level.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seonyeong Seo, Yoona Park, Seungmin Na, Junghee Lee, Wonseok Lee, Minhee Kim
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large and complex group of thousands of synthetic chemicals with different properties such as strong acidity, high surface activity at very low concentrations, high chemical stability, and water and oil repellency. Many PFASs have been used in various industrial and consumer applications based on the desired functionality and production capability, and have consequently emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants of major concern. Recognition that several PFASs are transported globally, bioaccumulate, and exert multiple adverse effects on environmental quality and health has led to their regulation and ultimate phase-out. Despite decades of global management and research on PFAS, fundamental obstacles still remain in addressing worldwide contamination by these chemicals and their associated impacts on environmental quality and human health. Here, we reviewed the global issues, major barriers, and challenges that must be addressed to remedy the “PFAS problem” from scientific, technological, and policy perspectives. A comprehensive review of the latest scientific research and recent legislative developments regarding PFAS will improve the assessment and management of the numerous PFAS on the market in the near future.
{"title":"Global Performance, Trends, and Challenges for Assessment and Management of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): A Critical Review","authors":"Seonyeong Seo, Yoona Park, Seungmin Na, Junghee Lee, Wonseok Lee, Minhee Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.27.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.27.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large and complex group of thousands of synthetic chemicals with different properties such as strong acidity, high surface activity at very low concentrations, high chemical stability, and water and oil repellency. Many PFASs have been used in various industrial and consumer applications based on the desired functionality and production capability, and have consequently emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants of major concern. Recognition that several PFASs are transported globally, bioaccumulate, and exert multiple adverse effects on environmental quality and health has led to their regulation and ultimate phase-out. Despite decades of global management and research on PFAS, fundamental obstacles still remain in addressing worldwide contamination by these chemicals and their associated impacts on environmental quality and human health. Here, we reviewed the global issues, major barriers, and challenges that must be addressed to remedy the “PFAS problem” from scientific, technological, and policy perspectives. A comprehensive review of the latest scientific research and recent legislative developments regarding PFAS will improve the assessment and management of the numerous PFAS on the market in the near future.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Su-Hyun Shin, Jong-Sung Park, Jong Bum Kim, Pilho Kim, Chang Hyuk Kim, Kyucheol Hwang, Seung-Myung Park, Jae-Young Lee, Jeong-Min Park, Jeongho Kim
There are four industrial complexes located around Ansan City, which is one of the areas with the highest VOCs emissions in Gyeonggi region based on the emissions provided by the clean policy support system (CAPSS), Korea. In this study, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used to determine the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas near industrial complexes in Ansan City in 2023 (May to June). The PTR-TOF-MS was operated over the mass range of 10-400amu at a drift tube pressure of 2.3mbar and temperature 80oC (E/N ~ 130Td) that enabled the collection of VOC data at 0.1Hz resolution. The mixing ratio calculations for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, acetone, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, trimethylbenzene and pinene reported in this study were done using the sensitivity factors obtained from the PTR-TOF-MS calibrations. As a result of the intensive measurement in springtime, among the substances constituting VOCs, methanol was the most abundant with 16.27±7.13 ppb, followed by acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, and xylene. VOCs compositions were dominated by oxidized VOCs, with CxHyO1 at 74%, CxHyO2 at 11%, aromatic CxHy at 10.5%, and CxHyN at 3.1%, respectively. As a result of the diurnal variations and conditional probability function (CPF) analysis, it was found that toluene and MEK were locally greatly influenced by industrial complexes distributed around Ansan City. Related with the ozone creating contribution, the ratio of VOCs to nitrogen oxide (NOx) was 6.5 (1.4 to 18.2), which appeared in the NOx-limited (4:1) and the VOCs-limited (15:1). Therefore it is suggested that the management of emission source NOx and VOCs are very important for the reduction of ozone in Ansan.
{"title":"Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Distribution in Downtown Ansan Near Industrial Complexes","authors":"Su-Hyun Shin, Jong-Sung Park, Jong Bum Kim, Pilho Kim, Chang Hyuk Kim, Kyucheol Hwang, Seung-Myung Park, Jae-Young Lee, Jeong-Min Park, Jeongho Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.27.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.27.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"There are four industrial complexes located around Ansan City, which is one of the areas with the highest VOCs emissions in Gyeonggi region based on the emissions provided by the clean policy support system (CAPSS), Korea. In this study, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used to determine the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas near industrial complexes in Ansan City in 2023 (May to June). The PTR-TOF-MS was operated over the mass range of 10-400amu at a drift tube pressure of 2.3mbar and temperature 80oC (E/N ~ 130Td) that enabled the collection of VOC data at 0.1Hz resolution. The mixing ratio calculations for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, acetone, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, trimethylbenzene and pinene reported in this study were done using the sensitivity factors obtained from the PTR-TOF-MS calibrations. As a result of the intensive measurement in springtime, among the substances constituting VOCs, methanol was the most abundant with 16.27±7.13 ppb, followed by acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, and xylene. VOCs compositions were dominated by oxidized VOCs, with CxHyO1 at 74%, CxHyO2 at 11%, aromatic CxHy at 10.5%, and CxHyN at 3.1%, respectively. As a result of the diurnal variations and conditional probability function (CPF) analysis, it was found that toluene and MEK were locally greatly influenced by industrial complexes distributed around Ansan City. Related with the ozone creating contribution, the ratio of VOCs to nitrogen oxide (NOx) was 6.5 (1.4 to 18.2), which appeared in the NOx-limited (4:1) and the VOCs-limited (15:1). Therefore it is suggested that the management of emission source NOx and VOCs are very important for the reduction of ozone in Ansan.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soo-jung Seo, Phil-Kwon Choi, Wo-kyung Nam, Seon-Min Hwang, Jin-Young Lee, Seon-Hee Jung, Seogyeong Park
This study aimed to evaluate the discharge characteristics of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the effluent of wastewater treatment facilities in the southern Gyeonggi-do. The detection rates of NP and OP were found to be 39.3% and 43.1%, respectively, with median values ranging from 1 to 3 μg/L across all industries. The industries that showed a detection rate of 50% or more were car wash, chemical experiment, fabric leather, paper wood, and plating facilities, with rates ranging from 50% to 75%, while other industries had detection rates of 21.7% to 36.8%. In terms of facility size, small-size establishments such as Type 4 and Type 5 showed higher detection rates in the "Na" region where somewhat relaxed standards are applied on a regional basis. This is because the proportion of Type 4 and Type 5 industries, including various concentration distributions of chemical experiments, research facilities, car washes, petrochemical, and plating industries, is higher than 77.7% overall and concentrated at a rate of 55.6% or higher in the “Na” region. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient (R) between NP and OP exhibited moderate association with values of 0.45 and 0.60 for car washes and plating industries, respectively. Chemical experiments, paper and wood, electrical and electronic, and medicine and hospital facilities showed strong association with correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.82, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively. The findings in this study can be expected to serve as fundamental data for NP and OP in the establishment of water quality pollutants designation and discharge standards (draft) currently being pursued.
{"title":"Characteristics of Nonylphenol and Octylphenol Discharge from Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Southern Gyeonggi-do","authors":"Soo-jung Seo, Phil-Kwon Choi, Wo-kyung Nam, Seon-Min Hwang, Jin-Young Lee, Seon-Hee Jung, Seogyeong Park","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.67","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the discharge characteristics of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the effluent of wastewater treatment facilities in the southern Gyeonggi-do. The detection rates of NP and OP were found to be 39.3% and 43.1%, respectively, with median values ranging from 1 to 3 μg/L across all industries. The industries that showed a detection rate of 50% or more were car wash, chemical experiment, fabric leather, paper wood, and plating facilities, with rates ranging from 50% to 75%, while other industries had detection rates of 21.7% to 36.8%. In terms of facility size, small-size establishments such as Type 4 and Type 5 showed higher detection rates in the \"Na\" region where somewhat relaxed standards are applied on a regional basis. This is because the proportion of Type 4 and Type 5 industries, including various concentration distributions of chemical experiments, research facilities, car washes, petrochemical, and plating industries, is higher than 77.7% overall and concentrated at a rate of 55.6% or higher in the “Na” region. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient (R) between NP and OP exhibited moderate association with values of 0.45 and 0.60 for car washes and plating industries, respectively. Chemical experiments, paper and wood, electrical and electronic, and medicine and hospital facilities showed strong association with correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.82, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively. The findings in this study can be expected to serve as fundamental data for NP and OP in the establishment of water quality pollutants designation and discharge standards (draft) currently being pursued.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76362316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Gyu Jung, Hyeon-Do Kim, Hee-Young Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Kyong-Hee Lee, Hyun-Jin Hyun-Jin, Ju-Yong Jeong
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the environmental effects of microplastics, leading to active research efforts worldwide. However, most of these studies have focused on microplastic pollution in marine environments, resulting in a lack of information on the levels of microplastics in freshwater environments. To address this gap, this study investigated types and concentrations of microplastics in four rivers and two effluents from wastewater treatment plants in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, to determine the extent of microplastic contamination in relation to the surrounding environment and seasons. Microplastic concentrations were higher in the Gyeongan Stream (1.8~9.9 ea/L), Bokha Stream (0.47~2.6 ea/L), Osan Stream (0.5~6.6 ea/L), and Tan Stream (0.2~11.4 ea/L) than in the Tan Stream or Nakdong River, which were investigated in the past. However, due to spatial limitations, it is unclear whether the wastewater effluent had any downstream effects. The most commonly detected microplastic types were polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester, comprising 58–90% of total microplastics, likely due to the influence of the surrounding environment (industries and human habitation). Moreover, types and concentrations of microplastics were found to reflect seasonal characteristics, particularly rainfall, suggesting that continuous monitoring is necessary to accurately assess the situation. The findings of this study can aid in the development of management strategies for reducing microplastic pollution in freshwater sources in the future.
{"title":"An Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Several Streams of Gyeonggi-do","authors":"Seung-Gyu Jung, Hyeon-Do Kim, Hee-Young Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Kyong-Hee Lee, Hyun-Jin Hyun-Jin, Ju-Yong Jeong","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the environmental effects of microplastics, leading to active research efforts worldwide. However, most of these studies have focused on microplastic pollution in marine environments, resulting in a lack of information on the levels of microplastics in freshwater environments. To address this gap, this study investigated types and concentrations of microplastics in four rivers and two effluents from wastewater treatment plants in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, to determine the extent of microplastic contamination in relation to the surrounding environment and seasons. Microplastic concentrations were higher in the Gyeongan Stream (1.8~9.9 ea/L), Bokha Stream (0.47~2.6 ea/L), Osan Stream (0.5~6.6 ea/L), and Tan Stream (0.2~11.4 ea/L) than in the Tan Stream or Nakdong River, which were investigated in the past. However, due to spatial limitations, it is unclear whether the wastewater effluent had any downstream effects. The most commonly detected microplastic types were polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester, comprising 58–90% of total microplastics, likely due to the influence of the surrounding environment (industries and human habitation). Moreover, types and concentrations of microplastics were found to reflect seasonal characteristics, particularly rainfall, suggesting that continuous monitoring is necessary to accurately assess the situation. The findings of this study can aid in the development of management strategies for reducing microplastic pollution in freshwater sources in the future.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88827648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ah-Hyen Kim, Bong-Gwan Yu, Dae-Shin Kang, Ji-hyeon Kim, Jeong-Won Kang, Sung-Hee Yoon, Soo-Mi Choi
In this study, data for increasing the efficiency of researcher manpower and establishing the validity of the electrode method are presented via a comparative evaluation of the titrimetric and electrode methods for BOD analysis. When comparing the analysis results of the titrimetric and electrode methods for wastewater, sewage, and leachate, no difference was observed between two methods. Therefore, if the electrode method is used instead of the titrimetric method, the amount of reagents for BOD analysis can be effectively reduced, resulting in a decreaded workloads for analysts as well as the hazards and risks posed to them, ultimately. In addition, the amount of acid wastes generated due to the use of sulfuric acid can be reduced, thereby reducing costs, which is economically beneficial.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Evaluation of BOD Analysis Methods","authors":"Ah-Hyen Kim, Bong-Gwan Yu, Dae-Shin Kang, Ji-hyeon Kim, Jeong-Won Kang, Sung-Hee Yoon, Soo-Mi Choi","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.76","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, data for increasing the efficiency of researcher manpower and establishing the validity of the electrode method are presented via a comparative evaluation of the titrimetric and electrode methods for BOD analysis. When comparing the analysis results of the titrimetric and electrode methods for wastewater, sewage, and leachate, no difference was observed between two methods. Therefore, if the electrode method is used instead of the titrimetric method, the amount of reagents for BOD analysis can be effectively reduced, resulting in a decreaded workloads for analysts as well as the hazards and risks posed to them, ultimately. In addition, the amount of acid wastes generated due to the use of sulfuric acid can be reduced, thereby reducing costs, which is economically beneficial.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90956668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate pesticides used in golf courses in Jeju and evaluate the possibility of groundwater contamination by the used pesticides. In the recent past, the use of pesticides in golf courses at Jeju has increased every year. In 2020, the use of products in which pesticide was the main ingredient reached 9.58 kg/ha, which is 1.4 times higher than the national usage. The pesticides used in golf courses were ranked as follows by usage: fungicide > insecticide > herbicide, and by ingredient used: chlorothalonil > thiophanate-methyl > iprodione > tebuconazole > etridiazole. By monitoring the residual pesticides in golf courses, we detected a total of 11 ingredients from 2014 to 2020. Most of these included low toxic fungicides with a half-life of more than 30 days in soil. Based on the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), the top 10 most-used pesticides in 2020 were found to have a low to moderate possibility of groundwater contamination. However, azoxystrobin and thifluzamide, which were detected every year via monitoring of pesticide residues, have a high possibility of groundwater contamination.
{"title":"Use of Pesticides and Application of an Index for Assessing the Possibility of Groundwater Contamination in Golf Courses in Jeju","authors":"Su-mi Kim, Jeong-ha Kim, Se-ra Kim, Kil-seong Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate pesticides used in golf courses in Jeju and evaluate the possibility of groundwater contamination by the used pesticides. In the recent past, the use of pesticides in golf courses at Jeju has increased every year. In 2020, the use of products in which pesticide was the main ingredient reached 9.58 kg/ha, which is 1.4 times higher than the national usage. The pesticides used in golf courses were ranked as follows by usage: fungicide > insecticide > herbicide, and by ingredient used: chlorothalonil > thiophanate-methyl > iprodione > tebuconazole > etridiazole. By monitoring the residual pesticides in golf courses, we detected a total of 11 ingredients from 2014 to 2020. Most of these included low toxic fungicides with a half-life of more than 30 days in soil. Based on the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), the top 10 most-used pesticides in 2020 were found to have a low to moderate possibility of groundwater contamination. However, azoxystrobin and thifluzamide, which were detected every year via monitoring of pesticide residues, have a high possibility of groundwater contamination.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83624872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yoon, Seung-Eun Oh, Yun-Suk Cho, H. Ahn, Min-Ji Kwak, Song-Hee Han, Tae-Hyun Kim, Kang-Hyuck Lee, S. Hong, Ju-Yong Jeong
The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for the analysis of fish communities in rivers. The findings suggest that the methodology attained an accuracy rate of 80% for species identification and was able to detect between 79.2% and 87.5% of the fish species recorded in the fish monitoring database for three rivers of Anseong, Bokha and Gyeongan during the period 2019 to 2021. Significantly, the eDNA metabarcoding technique enabled the successful detection of comparatively larger fish species, such as Channa argus and Silurus asotus. Furthermore, depending on the river, this method identified 12 to 14 additional species that could not be observed through traditional methodologies. However, it is worth noting that the Mifish primer used amplifies short gene segments, which can pose challenges in identifying species with identical gene sequences. Notwithstanding this limitation, the advantages of eDNA analysis over conventional methods are significant, enabling the identification of a broader range of species within a shorter timeframe, using smaller sample volumes and minimizing risks to both endangered fish and to researchers. As a result, eDNA analysis represents a valuable alternative for assessing biodiversity and for collecting data on fish species that are challenging to analyze.
{"title":"Using eDNA Metabarcoding for the Analysis of Fish Communities in Rivers","authors":"M. Yoon, Seung-Eun Oh, Yun-Suk Cho, H. Ahn, Min-Ji Kwak, Song-Hee Han, Tae-Hyun Kim, Kang-Hyuck Lee, S. Hong, Ju-Yong Jeong","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for the analysis of fish communities in rivers. The findings suggest that the methodology attained an accuracy rate of 80% for species identification and was able to detect between 79.2% and 87.5% of the fish species recorded in the fish monitoring database for three rivers of Anseong, Bokha and Gyeongan during the period 2019 to 2021. Significantly, the eDNA metabarcoding technique enabled the successful detection of comparatively larger fish species, such as Channa argus and Silurus asotus. Furthermore, depending on the river, this method identified 12 to 14 additional species that could not be observed through traditional methodologies. However, it is worth noting that the Mifish primer used amplifies short gene segments, which can pose challenges in identifying species with identical gene sequences. Notwithstanding this limitation, the advantages of eDNA analysis over conventional methods are significant, enabling the identification of a broader range of species within a shorter timeframe, using smaller sample volumes and minimizing risks to both endangered fish and to researchers. As a result, eDNA analysis represents a valuable alternative for assessing biodiversity and for collecting data on fish species that are challenging to analyze.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77835394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heelyeon Heelyeon, Daeho Kang, Younghun Choi, Junho Jeon
With the increase of manufacturing and use of chemicals, an increasing amount of chemicals enters surface water through various pathways. Their concentrations range from ng/L to mg/L, and they are recognized as micropollutants that pose potential risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. This study quantitatively analyzed the diverse micropollutants in a stream affected by effluents from a waste-water treatment plant (WWTP) and demonstrated the changes in concentration over time. To capture temporal trends, water samples were collected using a portable composite sampler. For a comprehensive chemical analysis of the 148 species, target screening was conducted using liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometer (LC-HRMS). As a result of the quantitative analysis, a total of 71 substances were detected at concentrations higher than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Pharmaceuticals accounted for the highest proportion among the detected substances. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (tbep), which is used as an organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs), was detected as a major pollutant at a maximum of 14,000 ng/L. Metformin, Pentaethylene glycol, cetirizine, galaxolidone, acetaminophen, heptaethylene glycol, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, sulfapyridine, valsartan acid, telmisartan, fluconazole, benzotriazole, olmesartan, 4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, sitagliptin, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were detected at concentrations of 1,000 ng/L or higher. As a unique temporal trend in the concentration, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and benzotriazoles exhibited the highest concentrations from 00:30 to 02:00 on 5/10 with a gradual decrease thereafter. The main factor responsible for this change in concentration was the effluent from the WWTP located upstream of the sampling point. In addition, the substance used in a nearby large-scale industrial complex is considered a significant factor.
{"title":"Analysis and Change in Concentration of Micropollutants in Stream Affected by WWTP Effluents using Portable Composite Sampler and LC-HRMS","authors":"Heelyeon Heelyeon, Daeho Kang, Younghun Choi, Junho Jeon","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.26.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.26.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase of manufacturing and use of chemicals, an increasing amount of chemicals enters surface water through various pathways. Their concentrations range from ng/L to mg/L, and they are recognized as micropollutants that pose potential risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. This study quantitatively analyzed the diverse micropollutants in a stream affected by effluents from a waste-water treatment plant (WWTP) and demonstrated the changes in concentration over time. To capture temporal trends, water samples were collected using a portable composite sampler. For a comprehensive chemical analysis of the 148 species, target screening was conducted using liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometer (LC-HRMS). As a result of the quantitative analysis, a total of 71 substances were detected at concentrations higher than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Pharmaceuticals accounted for the highest proportion among the detected substances. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (tbep), which is used as an organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs), was detected as a major pollutant at a maximum of 14,000 ng/L. Metformin, Pentaethylene glycol, cetirizine, galaxolidone, acetaminophen, heptaethylene glycol, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, sulfapyridine, valsartan acid, telmisartan, fluconazole, benzotriazole, olmesartan, 4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, sitagliptin, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were detected at concentrations of 1,000 ng/L or higher. As a unique temporal trend in the concentration, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and benzotriazoles exhibited the highest concentrations from 00:30 to 02:00 on 5/10 with a gradual decrease thereafter. The main factor responsible for this change in concentration was the effluent from the WWTP located upstream of the sampling point. In addition, the substance used in a nearby large-scale industrial complex is considered a significant factor.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73071192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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