The Origins of Conservative Ideology in Russia

T. Andreeva
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Abstract

The review is devoted to the analysis of the book “Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries. Russian Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I” by the famous American historian Alexander Martin dedicated to the history of Russian conservatism in the first quarter of the 19th century. The author explores the process of formation of conservative ideology in politics, Russian social thought, culture, and also reveals its origins, defines features that are distinctive from the liberal doctrine. Against the broad background of the political and cultural life of Russia at that time, the complex relationship of various systems of conservative ideology is shown. It is demonstrated that the religious conservatism of such prominent defenders of Catholicism and Orthodoxy as Mestre and Sturdza, the clash of their opposite positions, disputes about the historical fate and civilizational purpose of Christianity, as well as the romantic nationalism of A. S. Shishkov and S. N. Glinka and the noble conservatism of N. M. Karamzin and F. V. Rostopchin reflected the search for new forms of anti-revolutionary conservative worldview. The position of Alexander Martin is especially noteworthy in relation to the significant contribution of conservative thinkers of Alexander's reign to the formation of state policy in the interests of Russia, the formation of the foundations of civil society, the development of national identity, Russian culture and language. The author comes to a reasonable conceptual conclusion that although the early conservatives did not develop a single ideology, they laid the foundation for various forms of Russian conservatism in the second quarter of the 19th – early 20th centuries.
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俄国保守意识形态的起源
这篇评论专门分析了《浪漫主义者、改革家、反动派》这本书。《亚历山大一世统治时期的俄罗斯保守主义思想与政治》一书是美国著名历史学家亚历山大·马丁专门研究19世纪前25年俄罗斯保守主义历史的著作。本文探讨了保守主义思想在政治、俄国社会思想、文化等方面的形成过程,揭示了其根源,明确了与自由主义不同的特征。在当时俄罗斯政治文化生活的大背景下,保守主义意识形态的各种体系之间的复杂关系得以展现。本文论证了梅斯特和斯图尔扎等天主教和东正教的杰出捍卫者的宗教保守主义,他们对立立场的冲突,关于基督教历史命运和文明目的的争论,以及a.s.希什科夫和s.n.格林卡的浪漫民族主义和n.m.卡拉姆津和f.v.罗斯托普钦的高尚保守主义,反映了对反革命保守世界观新形式的探索。亚历山大·马丁的地位尤其值得注意的是,亚历山大统治时期的保守派思想家对俄罗斯利益国家政策的形成、公民社会基础的形成、民族认同、俄罗斯文化和语言的发展做出了重大贡献。作者得出了一个合理的概念性结论,即早期保守主义者虽然没有形成单一的意识形态,但他们为19世纪下半叶至20世纪初各种形式的俄罗斯保守主义奠定了基础。
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0.50
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20
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