Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Accessions from Five Different Origins

Abstract

Peanut is an allotetraploid derived from a single recent polyploidization. Polyploidization has been reported to have caused significant loss in genetic diversity during the domestication of cultivated peanuts. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based markers such as cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) derived from next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been developed and widely applied for breeding and genetic research in peanuts. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure using 30 CAPS markers and 96 peanut accessions from five different origins. High genetic dissimilarities were detected between the accessions from Korea and those from the other three South American origins generally regarded as the origin of peanuts, while the accessions from Brazil and Argentina presented the lowest genetic dissimilarity. Based on the results of the present study, accessions from Korea have unique genetic variation compared to those from other countries, while accessions from the other four origins are closely related. Our study identified the genetic differentiation in 96 peanut accessions from five different origins, and this study also showed the successful application of SNP information derived from re-sequencing based on NGS technology.