PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT Phellinus noxius PADA JAMBU METE DAN BEBERAPA JENIS TANAMAN BERKAYU LAINNYA

Nfn Supriadi, E. M. Adhi, S. Rahayuningsih, M. Dahsyat
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Abstract

Gejala busuk akar cokelat pada tanaman jambu mete di Sumbawa, khususnya Kecamatan Pekat, Dompu-NTB diasosiasikan dengan serangan Phellinus noxius. Secara ilmiah jamur ini belum dapat dibuktikan patogensitasnya. Penelitian ini betujuan menguraikan hasil penelitian tentang uji patogenisitas isolat P. noxius pada bibit jambu mete dan 6 jenis tanaman berkayu lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2003 di laboratoium dan rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Isolat P. noxius diperoleh dari tanaman jambu mete sakit Kecamatan Pekat, Dompu-NTB, kemudian diperbanyak pada medium campuran beras jagung (1:1) dalam botol selai (vol. 250 ml.). Biakan inokulum jamur berumur salu bulan diinokulasikan pada pangkal batang dai tujuh jenis tanaman berkayu, yaitu: jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale) jenis Balakrisnan, kayu manis (Cinnamomum casia dan C. burmanii), kopi (Cofea arabtca), jarak pagar (Jatropa curcas). kapok (Ceiba pentandra), dan singkong (Manihot utilissima) yang ditumbuhkan di dalam kantong plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam dai tanaman yang diinokulasi dengan P. noxius menghasilkan gejala penyakit daun menguning dan layu, sama sepeti gejala penyakit di lapangan. Bibit yang diinokulasi mati dalam waktu 2-3 minggu sampai dengan 2 bulan setelah inokulasi. Satu-satunya jenis tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala berbeda dan tidak mati, adalah singkong yang menunjukkan gejala kcrdil. Tanaman jambu mete dan jarak pagar merupakan tanaman inang yang baru untuk P. noxius. karena tanaman lainnya sudah pemah dilaporkan sebelumnya.. Mengingat ganasnya serangan P. noxius pada bibit yang diinokulasi maka kcwaspadaan perlu ditingkatkan untuk mencegah tersebamya penyakit ini ke daerah pengembangan mete lainnya di NTB.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, Phellinus noxius. patogenisitasABSTRACTPathogenicity of Phellinus noxius isolatedfrom diseased cashew and other woody plantsBrown root rot symptom on cashew in Sumbawa, especially in Pekat Distict, Dompu - West Nusa Tenggara is associated with the attack of Phellinus noxius. The pathogenicity of this fungus has not been proven scientiically. This experiment was aimed to analyse the result of pathogenicity test of P. noxius isolate on the seedlings of cashew and 6 other woody plants. This research was done in 2003 in the laboratory and glass house of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crop Research Institute. The P. noxius isolate was obtained from the infected cashew in Pekat District, Dompu - West Nusa Tcnggara, then multiplied in the mixture of rice and com medium in the 250 ml jam bottle. The one month fungus culture was inoculated on the stem base of the seven woody plants, namely cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Balakhrisnan cullivar, cinnamon (Cinnamommum casia and C. burmanii), coffee (Coffea arabica), castor (Jatropa curcas), kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and cassava (Manihot uilissima) grown in plastic pots. The result of this expeiment indicated that the six kinds of plants inoculated with /' noxius showed disease symptoms, such as wilting and yellowing of the leaves and died in about 2-3 weeks up to 2 months ater inoculation. The only plant that was not died but showed different symptom was cassava, its growth was very stunted but not died. The two plants, i.e. cashew and castor were new host plants for P. noxius. Considering the viciousness of /'. noxius atack on the inoculated seedlings, therefore the awareness to prevent the spread of this disease to other cashew plantations in West Nusa Tenggara should be raised.Key words : Anacardium occidentale. cashew, Phellinus noxius. pathogenicity
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番石榴和其他几种木本植物的聚合因子Phellinus noxius
松巴兰腰果的棕色根腐烂症状,尤指与普林尼•诺克斯乌斯(Phellinus noxius)的攻击有关。科学上,这种真菌还没有被证明是它们的病原。该研究描述了番石榴籽和其他六种木本植物中对P.诺克斯同位素病原测试的研究结果。2003年,该研究在实验室和温室进行,在香料和药物研究中心进行。诺克斯乌斯的分离体是由一种浓稠的番石榴属植物,dompun - ntb,然后在果酱瓶中加入玉米淀粉(1:1)的混合物中加入。一种有七年历史的木本菌,根茎上含树胶。kapok (Ceiba pentandra)和木薯(Manihot utilissima)在塑料袋中生长。研究表明,六种经诺克斯岛(P. noxius)接种的植物会产生发黄和枯萎的症状,类似于该领域的疾病。接种后的种子在2-3周内死亡,一直持续到接种后2个月。唯一表现出不同症状并没有死的植物是表现出kcrdil症状的木薯。腰果和围栏的距离是P. noxius的一种新的寄主植物。因为其他植物早先报告过农作物歉收。鉴于诺克斯乌斯P。关键词:Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, Phellinus noxius。被塞利纳斯的病理学家诺克斯勒斯和其他伍迪·兰茨布朗根罗在塞瓦纳被隔离,特别是在温文尔纳斯的西努萨东南部与法尔纳斯·诺克斯的攻击有关。这种真菌的病因尚未经过深思熟虑。这个实验是用来分析寄生虫的结果这项研究于2003年在印度尼西亚香料和医用大麻研究所进行。P. noxius isolate从位于Dompu - West Nusa Tcnggara的受感染地区拼凑而来,然后在250毫升的瓶中复制大米和com的混合物。其中一种不同的文化被接种在7只伍迪植物的根部,namely cashew (anamely cashew) Balakhrisnan cullivar, comon(肉桂母马和C. burbica), castor (cotropa curcas), kapok (Ceiba起诉)和cassava (Manihot uilissima)在塑料袋中生长。这种结果的结果是,六国的植物接种了诺克斯乌斯的症状,就像意志和槟榔的叶子,持续了2-3周,持续了2个月的接种。唯一没有死的植物是木薯,它生长得很糟糕,但没有死。两种植物,i.e. cashew和castor是P. noxius的新宿主植物。考虑到各种各样的情况。诺克斯乌斯小心翼翼地预防这种疾病在西努萨东南部的其他辅助设施。青蒿碱。cashew, Phellinus noxius。pathogenicity
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