X-ray Measurements of Highly Charged Europium

Abstract

We present spectroscopic measurements of the M-shell emission of highly charged europium performed at the Livermore SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap facility using the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS). There is significant blending among the emission lines from the different charge states but despite the complexity of the observed spectra we have successfully identified the ten brightest n = 4 → 3 transitions from sodium-like Eu52+ utilizing the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). We find that the difference between the calculated and measured transition energies for these ten Eu52+ lines does not exceed 3 eV. In fact, for four of the identified lines we find agreement within the measured uncertainties. Additional comparison with semi-empirical transition-energy predictions for sodium-like ions from laser-generated plasmas is included and shows that overall the semi-empirical predicted values for the transition energies are slightly higher than the measured values, while the FAC values that didnt agree with the measured transition energies are almost 1 eV lower than the measured values.