Assessing lead mobility rate from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets fragments on different soil types of tropical ecosystems

IF 1 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI:10.2478/auoc-2019-0015
E. U. Etim
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract Lead ions mobility from spent metallic Pb bullets is under increasing scrutiny as a potential significant source of soil contamination. This study investigates effect of soil-properties types on Pb(II) mobility from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets and associated environmental risk using water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure as leaching techniques. From results, loamy soil properties (pH and organic matter-specific) apparently favored high mobility rate of Pb(II) (0.004 - 1.166 % Pb contamination) from spent bullets compared to sandy and clay soil types. Consequently, Pb(II) mobility from corroded bullet (0.035 - 1.166 %) was significant (p < 0.05) compared to non-corroded bullet (0.004 - 0.873 %) due largely to surface area differences. Percentage Pb contamination increased proportionally with bullet retention time in the different soils types. The experiment reported average decomposition rate of 6.9 g Pb/kg within a 28 weeks retention time. Leaching potential of Pb from spent bullet arising from water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure was quite significant (p < 0.05) in order of over 100 mg/L. Both toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-Pb and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure-Pb exceeded the 5 mg/L and 15 µg/L critical levels suggested by United State Environmental Protection Agency for Pb (II) mobility and hazardous classification. A significant positive correlation existed between corroded and non-corroded Pb (II) levels within each leaching solutions. Continued dissolution of metallic Pb (II) from spent Pb-bullets may be a mechanism for natural attenuation of Pb in soils. An important result of this study is the clear influence of soil properties on Pb mobility.
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评估不同土壤类型热带生态系统中腐蚀和未腐蚀子弹碎片的铅迁移率
废金属铅弹中铅离子的迁移作为潜在的重要土壤污染源受到越来越多的关注。本研究利用水、毒性特征浸出程序和合成沉淀浸出程序作为浸出技术,研究土壤性质类型对废腐蚀和未腐蚀子弹中铅(II)迁移率的影响以及相关的环境风险。结果表明,与砂质和粘土类型相比,壤土(pH值和有机质特异性)明显有利于铅(II)的高迁移率(铅污染的0.004 ~ 1.166%)。因此,腐蚀子弹的Pb(II)迁移率(0.035 ~ 1.166%)显著高于未腐蚀子弹(0.004 ~ 0.873%),这主要是由于表面面积的差异。在不同土壤类型中,铅污染百分比随子弹滞留时间的增加呈比例增加。在28周的停留时间内,平均分解率为6.9 g Pb/kg。水浸、毒性特征浸出和合成沉淀浸出对废弹Pb的浸出潜力均显著(p < 0.05),均在100 mg/L以上。毒性特征浸出法-Pb和合成沉淀浸出法-Pb均超过了美国环境保护署对Pb (II)迁移率和危险分类建议的5 mg/L和15µg/L临界水平。各浸出液中已腐蚀和未腐蚀的Pb (II)水平之间存在显著的正相关关系。废铅弹中金属铅(II)的持续溶解可能是土壤中铅自然衰减的机制。本研究的一个重要结果是土壤性质对铅迁移的明显影响。
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来源期刊
Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry
Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
自引率
11.10%
发文量
20
审稿时长
5 weeks
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