In this study, the extent of Pb contamination around an active military shooting range is re-assessed to ascertain current contamination status comparatively to data’s reported 20 years ago. This is because lead bullet disintegration and mobility takes several years and extensively affects levels of soil-Pb contamination. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected within the impact area (front) and non-impact area (back) for Pb determination. High concentrations of Pb were found at impact berm both front (28940±2996 μg/g) and back (775±128 μg/g). Spatial distribution of contamination reflects the distances from berm. Soil-Pb contamination around non-impact area was notable at back berm through to 100 m distance with significant difference in Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn levels. Concentration of Pb at berm was observed to have increase five-fold over a period of about twenty years from previous study with accumulation factor of about 1000. Principal component analysis PCA indicated 67 % of total metal load of range soil was majorly from impact areas of the berm. The correspondence analysis relay plot shows pollution order of Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu. This confirms soil contamination especially around the impact area, i.e. impact berm and firing lines and non-impact area at 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m. Environmental consequence of high soil-Pb levels within the range especially non-impact areas utilized for farming activities will leave much to desire. Hence, extensive and continuous monitoring is needed. However, remediation through appropriate soil washing technique could reduce Pb levels and improve soil condition regardless of age.
{"title":"Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range","authors":"E. U. Etim, Mercy Ichiko Ola","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the extent of Pb contamination around an active military shooting range is re-assessed to ascertain current contamination status comparatively to data’s reported 20 years ago. This is because lead bullet disintegration and mobility takes several years and extensively affects levels of soil-Pb contamination. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected within the impact area (front) and non-impact area (back) for Pb determination. High concentrations of Pb were found at impact berm both front (28940±2996 μg/g) and back (775±128 μg/g). Spatial distribution of contamination reflects the distances from berm. Soil-Pb contamination around non-impact area was notable at back berm through to 100 m distance with significant difference in Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn levels. Concentration of Pb at berm was observed to have increase five-fold over a period of about twenty years from previous study with accumulation factor of about 1000. Principal component analysis PCA indicated 67 % of total metal load of range soil was majorly from impact areas of the berm. The correspondence analysis relay plot shows pollution order of Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu. This confirms soil contamination especially around the impact area, i.e. impact berm and firing lines and non-impact area at 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m. Environmental consequence of high soil-Pb levels within the range especially non-impact areas utilized for farming activities will leave much to desire. Hence, extensive and continuous monitoring is needed. However, remediation through appropriate soil washing technique could reduce Pb levels and improve soil condition regardless of age.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga V. Săpunaru, Ancaelena E. Sterpu, Cyrille Alode Vodounon, Sibel Osman, Claudia I. Koncsag
Abstract Lubricanting greases from waste frying vegetables oils with natural fibers additives could be the answer to the sustainable production of greases. Also, their biodegradability makes them more acceptable for the environment, having in view increasingly strict regulations in domain. In this experimental work, twenty lubricant formulae were created from waste sunflower oil and waste palm oil with calcium or lithium stearate as thickener and cellulose or lignin additives. All were rheologically tested and characterized as Bingham fluid with good consistency and plasticity. The penetration tests confirmed the good consistency, categorizing these products from normal to firm, very firm and hard lubricant greases comparable to those conventionally obtained from mineral oils.
{"title":"Rheology of new lubricating greases made from renewable materials","authors":"Olga V. Săpunaru, Ancaelena E. Sterpu, Cyrille Alode Vodounon, Sibel Osman, Claudia I. Koncsag","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lubricanting greases from waste frying vegetables oils with natural fibers additives could be the answer to the sustainable production of greases. Also, their biodegradability makes them more acceptable for the environment, having in view increasingly strict regulations in domain. In this experimental work, twenty lubricant formulae were created from waste sunflower oil and waste palm oil with calcium or lithium stearate as thickener and cellulose or lignin additives. All were rheologically tested and characterized as Bingham fluid with good consistency and plasticity. The penetration tests confirmed the good consistency, categorizing these products from normal to firm, very firm and hard lubricant greases comparable to those conventionally obtained from mineral oils.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ngozi Francesca Amako, Mary-Ann Nkoli Mgbemena, Sunday Peter Odo
Abstract We considered the extraction of plant materials from Senna occidentalis root, and its fractionation monitored by bioassay towards isolating its bioactive principles. Pulverized root sample of Senna occidentalis (fam. leguminaceae) was extracted with methanol using a maceration method. The crude methanol extract (MSo) 6.06 g was partitioned into petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to yield their respective fractions viz: petroleum ether fraction (1.20 g), ethyl acetate fraction (1.86 g) and methanol fraction (2.92 g). The crude methanol extract was analyzed using phytochemical screening, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry while the fractions were examined for antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannin, and absence of steroids. The infrared spectrum revealed a broad absorption band at 3437.26 cm -1 due to O-H symmetric stretch in polymeric alcohols, and absorption frequency of 1640.51cm -1 of moderate intensity due to C=O stretch. Enols are easily identified by the broad H-bonded O-H stretch absorption and low C=O stretch frequency as in β-keto enolic esters and phenol acetates, -CO-O-C=C-, (1690-1650 cm -1 ). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified the presence of ten compounds including n -hexadecanoic acid (23.76%), linoleic acid (1.64%), E-9-tetradecenoic acid (4.88%), octadecanoic acid, 2-(2 hydroxyethoxy) ethyl ester (6.24%) and E-2-octadecadecen-1-ol (13.74%). Similar broad spectrum antimicrobial activities were manifested by methanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were the most susceptible with the highest zone of inhibition of 30 mm and 28 mm respectively at minimum inhibition concentration of 1.35 x10 3 μg/ml. The methanol fraction has the highest potency against the tested pathogens whereas the petroleum ether fraction exhibited activity only on gram negative pathogens. The antimicrobial activities observed in these fractions suggest the presence of active chemical components in the crude methanol root extract of Senna occidentalis thus provides a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. Further work is however, required to isolate and characterize these bioactive principles.
摘要:本文研究了从西泻根中提取植物物质，并对其进行生物测定监测，以分离其生物活性成分。西番泻根粉碎样品。豆科植物，用甲醇浸渍法提取。将粗甲醇提取物(MSo) 6.06 g拆分为石油醚和乙酸乙酯，分别得到石油醚(1.20 g)、乙酸乙酯(1.86 g)和甲醇(2.92 g)馏分，采用植物化学筛选、红外光谱、气相色谱/质谱等方法对粗甲醇提取物进行分析，并对各馏分进行抗菌性能测定。植物化学筛选表明存在单宁、酚类、生物碱、黄酮类、皂苷、心糖苷、酞菁蛋白，不存在类固醇。红外光谱显示，在3437.26 cm -1处，聚合物醇由于O- h对称拉伸形成了较宽的吸收波段;在1640.51cm -1处，由于C=O拉伸形成了中等强度的吸收频率。烯醇具有宽的h键O- h拉伸吸收和低的C=O拉伸频率，如β-酮烯醇酯和酚乙酸酯，- co -O-C=C-， (1690-1650 cm -1)。气相色谱/质谱分析鉴定出n-十六烷酸(23.76%)、亚油酸(1.64%)、e -9-十四烯酸(4.88%)、十八烷酸、2-(2 -羟基乙氧基)乙酯(6.24%)和e -2-十八烯-1-醇(13.74%)等10种化合物。甲醇和乙酸乙酯组分具有相似的广谱抗菌活性。对大肠杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌最敏感，最小抑制浓度为1.35 × 10.3 μg/ml，最大抑制区分别为30 mm和28 mm。甲醇组分对被试病原菌的活性最高，而石油醚组分仅对革兰氏阴性病原菌有活性。在这些馏分中观察到的抗菌活性表明，在西叶麻粗甲醇根提取物中存在有效的化学成分，从而提供了一种新型抗菌药物的潜在来源。然而，需要进一步的工作来分离和表征这些生物活性原理。
{"title":"GC-MS profile and antimicrobial activities of extracts from root of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> Linn.","authors":"Ngozi Francesca Amako, Mary-Ann Nkoli Mgbemena, Sunday Peter Odo","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We considered the extraction of plant materials from Senna occidentalis root, and its fractionation monitored by bioassay towards isolating its bioactive principles. Pulverized root sample of Senna occidentalis (fam. leguminaceae) was extracted with methanol using a maceration method. The crude methanol extract (MSo) 6.06 g was partitioned into petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to yield their respective fractions viz: petroleum ether fraction (1.20 g), ethyl acetate fraction (1.86 g) and methanol fraction (2.92 g). The crude methanol extract was analyzed using phytochemical screening, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry while the fractions were examined for antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannin, and absence of steroids. The infrared spectrum revealed a broad absorption band at 3437.26 cm -1 due to O-H symmetric stretch in polymeric alcohols, and absorption frequency of 1640.51cm -1 of moderate intensity due to C=O stretch. Enols are easily identified by the broad H-bonded O-H stretch absorption and low C=O stretch frequency as in β-keto enolic esters and phenol acetates, -CO-O-C=C-, (1690-1650 cm -1 ). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified the presence of ten compounds including n -hexadecanoic acid (23.76%), linoleic acid (1.64%), E-9-tetradecenoic acid (4.88%), octadecanoic acid, 2-(2 hydroxyethoxy) ethyl ester (6.24%) and E-2-octadecadecen-1-ol (13.74%). Similar broad spectrum antimicrobial activities were manifested by methanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were the most susceptible with the highest zone of inhibition of 30 mm and 28 mm respectively at minimum inhibition concentration of 1.35 x10 3 μg/ml. The methanol fraction has the highest potency against the tested pathogens whereas the petroleum ether fraction exhibited activity only on gram negative pathogens. The antimicrobial activities observed in these fractions suggest the presence of active chemical components in the crude methanol root extract of Senna occidentalis thus provides a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. Further work is however, required to isolate and characterize these bioactive principles.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Acetaminophen solubility in the glycerol and ethanol mixture was determined by a simple shake-flask technique at different temperatures and fitted to some mathematical models and the models’ accuracy was investigated by the computation of the mean relative deviations. The densities of acetaminophen saturated mixtures were also studied by the Jouyban-Acree model. Moreover, the Gibbs and van’t Hoff equations were utilized to compute apparent thermodynamic parameters of the acetaminophen dissolving.
{"title":"Solubility of acetaminophen in the ethanol and glycerol mixtures at different temperatures","authors":"Nafiseh Gholizadeh, Jalal Hanaee, Elaheh Rahimpour, Abolghasem Jouyban","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acetaminophen solubility in the glycerol and ethanol mixture was determined by a simple shake-flask technique at different temperatures and fitted to some mathematical models and the models’ accuracy was investigated by the computation of the mean relative deviations. The densities of acetaminophen saturated mixtures were also studied by the Jouyban-Acree model. Moreover, the Gibbs and van’t Hoff equations were utilized to compute apparent thermodynamic parameters of the acetaminophen dissolving.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, the concentration of some toxic metals in different parts of end-of-life mobile phones was assessed. Twenty end-of-life mobile phones of different brands and countries of origin, which were widely in use up to the year 2011, were collected from phone repair workshops in Lagos, Nigeria. The collected mobile phones were disassembled into the phone screens, printed wiring boards, plastic casings and batteries. Disassembled parts were individually milled and pulverized, and digested using HCl, HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 . Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to quantify some toxic metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) in the digested samples, and the determined concentrations were compared with permissible limits. The average metals concentration in the disassembled parts followed the order: printed wiring boards > batteries > plastic casings > phone screens. The concentrations of Pb and Ni exceeded their toxicity threshold limit concentration in printed wiring boards, while Ni exceeded the limit concentration in batteries. Based on the maximum permissible concentration required by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directives, all Cd concentrations were below the limit concentration; Pb and Ni in printed wiring boards exceeded their limit concentrations, while Ni exceeded its permissible concentration in batteries. The results of this study indicate that printed wiring boards and batteries of end-of-life mobile phones are hazardous, and their improper disposal of could cause environmental and health problems. However, considering the very high concentrations of Pb and Ni, these mobile phone parts could serve as resource reserves for these metals.
{"title":"End-of-life mobile phones parts contain toxic metals that make them hazardous, but can also serve as resource reserves for such metals","authors":"Bukola Omoyemi Abiodun, Paschal Okiroro Iniaghe","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the concentration of some toxic metals in different parts of end-of-life mobile phones was assessed. Twenty end-of-life mobile phones of different brands and countries of origin, which were widely in use up to the year 2011, were collected from phone repair workshops in Lagos, Nigeria. The collected mobile phones were disassembled into the phone screens, printed wiring boards, plastic casings and batteries. Disassembled parts were individually milled and pulverized, and digested using HCl, HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 . Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to quantify some toxic metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) in the digested samples, and the determined concentrations were compared with permissible limits. The average metals concentration in the disassembled parts followed the order: printed wiring boards > batteries > plastic casings > phone screens. The concentrations of Pb and Ni exceeded their toxicity threshold limit concentration in printed wiring boards, while Ni exceeded the limit concentration in batteries. Based on the maximum permissible concentration required by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directives, all Cd concentrations were below the limit concentration; Pb and Ni in printed wiring boards exceeded their limit concentrations, while Ni exceeded its permissible concentration in batteries. The results of this study indicate that printed wiring boards and batteries of end-of-life mobile phones are hazardous, and their improper disposal of could cause environmental and health problems. However, considering the very high concentrations of Pb and Ni, these mobile phone parts could serve as resource reserves for these metals.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Eight chalcone analogs were prepared through an aldol condensation starting from 4-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde and either less common acetophenones or a few selected heteroaryl methyl ketones. The reaction has been performed through the classical approach that employs an alkali as catalyst for five chalcone analogs, while a variant that uses piperidine as basic catalyst was employed for the other three chalcone analogs. The structure of the resulting enones has been established by NMR spectroscopy. Photoinduced dimerization of a selected benzyloxy-substituted chalcone analog under irradiation with UV light for periods of time ranging from 30 minutes to 24 h has also been monitored using NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of the E isomer of the chalcone analog along with three regioisomeric cyclobutanes in the irradiated sample.
{"title":"Novel chalcone analogs derived from 4-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde","authors":"Mihaela Balan-Porcăraşu, Gheorghe Roman","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eight chalcone analogs were prepared through an aldol condensation starting from 4-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde and either less common acetophenones or a few selected heteroaryl methyl ketones. The reaction has been performed through the classical approach that employs an alkali as catalyst for five chalcone analogs, while a variant that uses piperidine as basic catalyst was employed for the other three chalcone analogs. The structure of the resulting enones has been established by NMR spectroscopy. Photoinduced dimerization of a selected benzyloxy-substituted chalcone analog under irradiation with UV light for periods of time ranging from 30 minutes to 24 h has also been monitored using NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of the E isomer of the chalcone analog along with three regioisomeric cyclobutanes in the irradiated sample.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, six natural mineral waters (from sources named 1bis, 5, 10, 14, 15, “Sonda 2”) with therapeutic potential from Slanic Moldova area (Romania) were assessed for physico-chemical parameters during storage in different conditions (bottled in PET or glass containers and kept at 20-22 °C or 4 °C) for a period of maximum 360 days. The main parameters investigated were pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, as well as the major ions (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , F − , Cl − , SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − ), using fast and environmentally friendly instrumental techniques (electrochemical and spectrometric / UV-Vis and ICP-MS). The physico-chemical indicators were measured at six time intervals (within 24 hours, after 7, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days) and the results obtained indicated that the pH variation was significant for the majority of samples kept at room temperature in PET containers (between 0.4 pH units - Spring 15 and over 2 pH units - springs 10, 14, 1bis and 5), while cold storage is most favorable for all natural mineral water samples. The monitoring of the chemical parameters determined during cold storage in glass containers did not reveal statistically significant variations and therefore it can be considered that these natural mineral waters are characterized by the stability of the chemical composition. For the entire analyzed period, the smallest variations of all twelve analyzed parameters were recorded for “Sonda 2”, in all storage conditions, followed by springs 1bis, 15, 14, 10 and 5 stored at 4 °C in glass containers.
在本研究中，研究人员对来自罗马尼亚Slanic Moldova地区的6种具有治疗潜力的天然矿泉水(来源分别为1bis、5、10、14、15、“Sonda 2”)在不同条件下(瓶装于PET或玻璃容器中，在20-22°C或4°C下保存)最长360天的物理化学参数进行了评估。研究的主要参数是pH、电导率、总溶解固形物、盐度以及主要离子(Na +、K +、ca2 +、Mg 2+、F−、Cl−、so_2−、HCO 3−)，采用快速环保的仪器技术(电化学和光谱/ UV-Vis和ICP-MS)。在6个时间间隔(24小时内，7、30、90、180和360天)测量了理化指标，结果表明，室温下保存在PET容器中的大多数样品(pH值在0.4单位之间- Spring 15和超过2单位- Spring 10、14、1bis和5)的pH值变化显著，而冷藏对所有天然矿泉水样品最有利。在玻璃容器冷藏期间测定的化学参数的监测没有显示统计学上显著的变化，因此可以认为这些天然矿泉水的特征是化学成分的稳定性。在整个分析期间，“Sonda 2”在所有储存条件下记录的所有12个分析参数的变化最小，其次是弹簧1bis、15、14、10和5在4°C的玻璃容器中储存。
{"title":"Eco-friendly and efficient monitoring of physico-chemical parameters of some mineral water from Slanic Moldova (Romania) during storage in different conditions – a case study","authors":"Lavinia Misaila, Narcis Barsan, Dumitra Raducanu, Luminita Grosu, Oana-Irina Patriciu, Irina-Claudia Alexa, Adriana-Luminita Finaru","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, six natural mineral waters (from sources named 1bis, 5, 10, 14, 15, “Sonda 2”) with therapeutic potential from Slanic Moldova area (Romania) were assessed for physico-chemical parameters during storage in different conditions (bottled in PET or glass containers and kept at 20-22 °C or 4 °C) for a period of maximum 360 days. The main parameters investigated were pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, as well as the major ions (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , F − , Cl − , SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − ), using fast and environmentally friendly instrumental techniques (electrochemical and spectrometric / UV-Vis and ICP-MS). The physico-chemical indicators were measured at six time intervals (within 24 hours, after 7, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days) and the results obtained indicated that the pH variation was significant for the majority of samples kept at room temperature in PET containers (between 0.4 pH units - Spring 15 and over 2 pH units - springs 10, 14, 1bis and 5), while cold storage is most favorable for all natural mineral water samples. The monitoring of the chemical parameters determined during cold storage in glass containers did not reveal statistically significant variations and therefore it can be considered that these natural mineral waters are characterized by the stability of the chemical composition. For the entire analyzed period, the smallest variations of all twelve analyzed parameters were recorded for “Sonda 2”, in all storage conditions, followed by springs 1bis, 15, 14, 10 and 5 stored at 4 °C in glass containers.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Okpoghono, E. Osioma, Sandra Oghenekohwo Metie, Udoka Bessie Igue, Endurance Fegor Isoje, S. U. Okom
Abstract To fill nutrient gaps, supplements are employed in the field of nutrition. The spice Xylopia aethiopica grows wild in many African countries and has been used as flavouring for soups. This study evaluates the polyphenols and antioxidant profile of different fractions of X. aethiopica methanol extract. Powdered sample of X. aethiopica (250 g) was suspended in methanol (1.5 litre) for 48 hours and the extract was concentrated at 45 °C using water bath to obtain methanol crude extract which was fractionated into n-hexane (n-Hex), chloroform (Chl), diethyl ether (DEE), n-butanol (n-Bu) and aqueous fractions using liquid- liquid partition separation technique. Antioxidant properties were investigated using standard methods and the polyphenols were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography with diodearray detector (HPLC-DAD). Results revealed that the DEE fraction had significantly (p < 0.05) high total phenol content (TPC), proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared with other fractions. The highest luteolin and taxifolin content was detected in n-Hex fraction. Polyphenols found in DEE fraction in the established HPLC-DAD assay were p-anisic acid (0.07 ng/g), caffeic acid (0.56 ng/g), vanillic acid (0.91 ng/g), salicylic acid (1.64 ng/g), gallic acid (3.09 ng/mL), ferulic acid (3.64 ng/g), p-coumaric acid (5.15 ng/g), sinapinic acid (6.63 ng/g) and protocatechuic acid (24.89 ng/g). The different fractions of X. aethiopica displayed various polyphenols potential with probable antioxidant activity, which may be useful in neutralizing free radicals and the treatment of chronic inflammatory associated metabolic ailments, such as obesity and diabetes.
{"title":"Xylopia aethiopica HPLC-DAD polyphenol profiling and antioxidant status from South-South region of Nigeria","authors":"J. Okpoghono, E. Osioma, Sandra Oghenekohwo Metie, Udoka Bessie Igue, Endurance Fegor Isoje, S. U. Okom","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To fill nutrient gaps, supplements are employed in the field of nutrition. The spice Xylopia aethiopica grows wild in many African countries and has been used as flavouring for soups. This study evaluates the polyphenols and antioxidant profile of different fractions of X. aethiopica methanol extract. Powdered sample of X. aethiopica (250 g) was suspended in methanol (1.5 litre) for 48 hours and the extract was concentrated at 45 °C using water bath to obtain methanol crude extract which was fractionated into n-hexane (n-Hex), chloroform (Chl), diethyl ether (DEE), n-butanol (n-Bu) and aqueous fractions using liquid- liquid partition separation technique. Antioxidant properties were investigated using standard methods and the polyphenols were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography with diodearray detector (HPLC-DAD). Results revealed that the DEE fraction had significantly (p < 0.05) high total phenol content (TPC), proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared with other fractions. The highest luteolin and taxifolin content was detected in n-Hex fraction. Polyphenols found in DEE fraction in the established HPLC-DAD assay were p-anisic acid (0.07 ng/g), caffeic acid (0.56 ng/g), vanillic acid (0.91 ng/g), salicylic acid (1.64 ng/g), gallic acid (3.09 ng/mL), ferulic acid (3.64 ng/g), p-coumaric acid (5.15 ng/g), sinapinic acid (6.63 ng/g) and protocatechuic acid (24.89 ng/g). The different fractions of X. aethiopica displayed various polyphenols potential with probable antioxidant activity, which may be useful in neutralizing free radicals and the treatment of chronic inflammatory associated metabolic ailments, such as obesity and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tang, Lin Zhi Lee, A. Arsad, Z. Zakaria, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad-Zaini
Abstract At present, possible utilization of oil-containing sludge so as to achieve the sustainable environment has become a subject of considerable interest. The oleochemical factory generates nearly two metric tons of sludge per day from the effluent processing plant. Its disposal is costly and strenuous towards the environment, therefore different alternatives to handling and utilization were studied. The sludge and its derivatives were characterized for elemental composition, proximate analysis, ash and oil constituents, surface analysis, leaching tests and calorific value. Results show that the oil-containing sludge is rich in carbon, calcium, and iron. It has a high calorific value of 33.8 MJ/kg, that is partly attributed to the oil content of 68 %. These preliminary characteristics data offer insight into several promising applications of converting “trash” into “treasure” towards sustainable environment.
{"title":"Unlocking the chemistry and properties of oil-containing sludge for potential utilization","authors":"S. Tang, Lin Zhi Lee, A. Arsad, Z. Zakaria, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad-Zaini","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At present, possible utilization of oil-containing sludge so as to achieve the sustainable environment has become a subject of considerable interest. The oleochemical factory generates nearly two metric tons of sludge per day from the effluent processing plant. Its disposal is costly and strenuous towards the environment, therefore different alternatives to handling and utilization were studied. The sludge and its derivatives were characterized for elemental composition, proximate analysis, ash and oil constituents, surface analysis, leaching tests and calorific value. Results show that the oil-containing sludge is rich in carbon, calcium, and iron. It has a high calorific value of 33.8 MJ/kg, that is partly attributed to the oil content of 68 %. These preliminary characteristics data offer insight into several promising applications of converting “trash” into “treasure” towards sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper reports the effectiveness of chemical coagulation and biological techniques for the treatment of wastewater from industrial and agricultural operations. Agricultural husbandry has been reported to produce wastewater that has high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. A comparison on the use of organic and inorganic based coagulants as well as the optimum conditions required for high percentage removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater has been reviewed. At optimum experimental condition, ferric chloride coagulants were reported to yield 98, 95, 93 and 50 % removal of color, turbidity, iron and manganese. Moreover, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological methods have been reported to display a close range in their capacities for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, biological method was observed to be highly effective in the removal of pollutants from wastewater but requires more time and produces lesser volume of sludge, when compared to chemical method in the treatment of wastewater.
{"title":"Chemical coagulation and biological techniques for wastewater treatment","authors":"S. O. Akinnawo, P. O. Ayadi, M. Oluwalope","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reports the effectiveness of chemical coagulation and biological techniques for the treatment of wastewater from industrial and agricultural operations. Agricultural husbandry has been reported to produce wastewater that has high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. A comparison on the use of organic and inorganic based coagulants as well as the optimum conditions required for high percentage removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater has been reviewed. At optimum experimental condition, ferric chloride coagulants were reported to yield 98, 95, 93 and 50 % removal of color, turbidity, iron and manganese. Moreover, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological methods have been reported to display a close range in their capacities for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, biological method was observed to be highly effective in the removal of pollutants from wastewater but requires more time and produces lesser volume of sludge, when compared to chemical method in the treatment of wastewater.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79268841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：