Western European editions in the manor library of the 18th-century Ural industrialist Alexei Turchaninov

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/28/4
E. P. Pirogova
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Abstract

Personal libraries occupy a special place in the structure of the cultural heritage of the past. The study of one of them - currently the largest noble library of the Urals of the 18th century - should be recognized as a serious research objective. The study became possible thanks to the discovery of a rare source - the Property Inventory, compiled in 1789 after the death of the Ural industrialist Alexei Turchaninov. A huge section of the Inventory is reserved for the library, almost a quarter of which (about a thousand volumes) is occupied by Western European publications, and the article aims to analyze the latter. The difficulty, and often impossibility, of identifying foreign books according to the Inventory is due to the fact that they are described not in the original language, but in Russian, with no imprint, briefly, with inaccurate reproduction of authors’ names and surnames. Therefore, it was possible to more or less reliably identify only a part of the books, while all of them were distributed according to linguistic characteristics and branches of knowledge. In total, 16 thematic sections are specified, each presented separately and in a summarizing table. The European publications on astronomy, physics and mechanics, mathematics, chemistry and mineralogy, natural science and medicine, which are not so typical for the noble library, are consistently considered, especially since among the books on this topic there was a lot of scientific and special literature. The maximum number of titles among foreign books was made up of books on chemistry and mineralogy, which speaks of the industrial interests of the library owner and his priorities in choosing foreign publications. The variety of literature on metallurgy, construction, mining, and industrial architecture is quite expected as part of the book collection of the Ural manufacturer. The humanitarian part of the library is rich in books on philosophy, politics and law; a historical section stands out: it ranks third in the number of titles and volumes. Modest in comparison with others, the section of literature of religious content still testifies to Turchaninov’s spiritual quest, his interest in the origin of Christianity and the history of religion. In general, the analysis of foreign books by the degree of reflection of their titles and by the number of volumes in thematic sections showed that books of two sections - on art and pedagogy - dominate in the library, which indicates a serious influence of the family and the owner’s enthusiasm for collecting (paintings, etc.) on completing his book collection. A general conclusion is made that, in terms of the composition of its foreign part, Turchaninov’s library is completely universal, that is, characteristic of the era, but at the same time not typical of the noble book collections of that time; it shows a noticeable trend towards natural science and industrial literature. During the period defined by the term “Gallomania” and the predominance of French literature in the noble libraries, 85.7% of foreign books in Turchaninov’s library were in German, the language of science and scientific knowledge of the time.
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18世纪乌拉尔实业家阿列克谢·图尔恰尼诺夫庄园图书馆的西欧版本
个人图书馆在过去的文化遗产结构中占有特殊的地位。对其中之一的研究——目前是18世纪乌拉尔最大的贵族图书馆——应该被视为一个严肃的研究目标。这项研究之所以成为可能,是因为发现了一份罕见的资料——1789年乌拉尔实业家阿列克谢·图尔恰尼诺夫去世后编纂的《财产清单》。《目录》的很大一部分是为图书馆保留的,其中近四分之一(约一千册)被西欧出版物占据,本文旨在分析后者。根据目录识别外国书籍的困难,往往是不可能的,是因为它们不是用原始语言描述的,而是用俄语描述的,没有印记,简单地说,作者的名字和姓氏的复制不准确。因此,可以或多或少可靠地识别只有一部分的书,而所有的书都是根据语言特征和知识分支分布的。总共规定了16个专题节,每一节分别列在一个摘要表中。欧洲的天文学、物理学和力学、数学、化学和矿物学、自然科学和医学等方面的出版物在贵族图书馆中并不那么典型,特别是在这方面的书籍中有许多科学和专门的文献。外文图书中最多的是化学和矿物学方面的书籍,这说明了图书馆老板的工业利益和他在选择外国出版物时的优先事项。关于冶金、建筑、采矿和工业建筑的各种文献是乌拉尔制造商藏书的一部分。图书馆的人文部分有丰富的哲学、政治和法律方面的书籍;历史部分尤为突出:它在标题和卷数上排名第三。与其他作品相比,这部分宗教内容的文学作品相对温和,但仍然证明了图尔查尼诺夫的精神追求,以及他对基督教起源和宗教史的兴趣。总的来说,通过题目的反映程度和专题部分的卷数对外文图书的分析表明,艺术和教育学两个部分的书籍在图书馆中占主导地位,这表明家庭和主人的收藏热情(绘画等)对完成他的藏书有严重的影响。从图尔恰尼诺夫图书馆外文部分的构成来看,图尔恰尼诺夫图书馆是完全具有普遍性的,即具有时代特征,但同时又不具有当时贵族藏书的典型;它表现出明显的自然科学和工业文学倾向。在被称为“Gallomania”和法国文学在贵族图书馆占主导地位的时期,图尔恰尼诺夫图书馆中85.7%的外国书籍是德语,这是当时科学和科学知识的语言。
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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