Marine Biotoxin Profile and Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minitum Occurrence in Boughrara Lagoon During the Last Decade

R. Marrouchi, Moufida Abdennadher, W. Feki-Sahnoun, Zeineb Marzougui, I. Hamza, A. Hamza, R. Kharrat
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Abstract

Abstract As part of the routine control of the Tunisian network for the monitoring of the most problematic microalgae species Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum and for the study of hydrophilic and lipophilic marine biotoxin profiles, clams and seawater samples from Boughrara lagoon were analysed during the past decade. The results showed that the abundance of Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum in the Boughrara lagoon exhibited significant variability at annual scales. K. selliformis was recorded in all sampling years with interannual variability. Among the nine sampled years, 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2017 were, respectively, the most significant in terms of mean abundance (2.85, 2.42, 1.38, 1.69) ∙ 105 cells L–1. A. minutum species were observed in the water column during all investigated years except in 2013, 2016 and 2017, but in low concentrations compared to K. selliformis (≤ 7.4 ∙ 102 cells L–1). Using LC-FLD, traces of paralytic toxins (C1 and GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples. Their concentrations were largely below the regulatory limit. For the first time, N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxin-2 (C-1) and gonyautoxin 2 (GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples from this region. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gymnodimines in some samples. The main peak corresponds to the GYM-A with high concentrations generally above 1 mg kg–1 of clams meat, which confirms the persistence of this neurotoxin in Boughrara lagoon.
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近十年来Boughrara泻湖海洋生物毒素分布与水生卡雷氏菌和亚历山大菌的发生
摘要:作为突尼斯监测最具问题的微藻物种卡雷氏藻(Karenia selliformis)和微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)的常规控制网络的一部分,以及亲水和亲脂性海洋生物毒素谱的研究,在过去十年中分析了Boughrara泻湖的蛤蜊和海水样本。结果表明:包拉拉泻湖中有丝卡雷氏菌(Karenia selliformis)和小亚历山大菌(Alexandrium minutum)的丰度在年尺度上表现出显著的变化。在所有取样年份均有记录,且具有年际变异性。在9个采样年份中,2010年、2012年、2016年和2017年的平均丰度分别为2.85、2.42、1.38、1.69)∙105个细胞L-1。除2013年、2016年和2017年外,所有调查年份的水柱中均有细小棘球蚴存在,但与selliformis相比浓度较低(≤7.4∙102 cells L-1)。使用LC-FLD,在一些蛤样品中检测到微量麻痹毒素(C1和GTX-2)。它们的浓度大多低于规定限值。在该地区部分蛤类样品中首次检出n-磺胺氨基甲酰性腺毒素-2 (C-1)和性腺毒素2 (GTX-2)。LC-MS/MS分析证实部分样品中存在裸子二胺。主峰对应于高浓度的GYM-A,通常超过1 mg kg-1的蛤肉,这证实了这种神经毒素在Boughrara泻湖的持久性。
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