A model to analyse the postprandial nutrient concentration in the plasma of pigs

Abstract

Changes in the postprandial nutrient concentration in the plasma are the result of the combined effects of intake, digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The concentration typically follows an asymmetrical bell-shaped curve as a function of the time after the meal. Although differences between dietary treatments can be analysed using a pairwise comparison of the observed nutrient concentrations, this provides little insight in the possible underlying biological mechanisms. These mechanisms may be represented in a model that can be used in a regression analysis to summarise the observed data in a limited number of parameters. The objective of this study was to propose equations that can be used in the statistical analysis of postprandial nutrient concentrations. The equations were derived from the compartmental representation of the Erlang function in which the last of a series of compartments was assumed to represent the nutrient concentration in the plasma. The preceding compartments were used to represent the postprandial response provoked by ingestion of the meal. A homeostatic control mechanism was included based on a target nutrient concentration that the animal seeks to maintain. This target concentration may differ between the fasting state and after ingestion of a meal. The models were developed as differential equations, which were integrated analytically providing equations that can be used for data analysis. The fit of the equations was tested using the postprandial histidine concentration of a pig that received a diet that was either balanced or unbalanced in the amino acid supply. The unbalanced diet was also deficient in histidine. The observed data could be summarised in three or four parameters that describe the target histidine concentration after an overnight fast, the possible change in the target concentration due to ingestion of a meal, the area under curve of the postprandial response (i.e., the “metabolic exposure”), and a rate constant describing the dynamics of the response. The biological interpretation of these and derived parameters is discussed, including the potential pitfalls of interpreting nutrient concentrations as nutrient flows. In conclusion, the models developed here are based on biological concepts and allow to summarise time series of nutrient concentrations in a limited number of parameters. The concepts can be modified depending on how the biological mechanisms involved are perceived and on the type of available data.