Animal - Open Space最新文献

Dataset of zootechnical, biological, oocyte and embryo production indicators, from ewes with contrasted metabolic status and submitted to chronic bisphenol S exposure

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100088

A. Desmarchais , S. Fréret , S. Uzbekova , V. Maillard , S. Elis

This dataset consists of raw data from an experimental design in the ovine model: zootechnical traits, biological indicators, oocyte collection and embryo production from ewes with contrasted metabolic status and submitted to chronic Bisphenol S (BPS) exposure. For 2 consecutive years, 120 primiparous ewes (60 different ewes for each year) were managed in a loose sheepfold, assigned to two diet groups − Restricted (R, n = 30) and Well-fed (WF, n = 30) − and supplemented with or without BPS (0, 4 or 50 μg/kg/day), generating six experimental groups named R-0, R-4, R-50, WF-0, WF-4, and WF-50 (n = 10 ewes/group). Oocyte collection was carried out during the breeding season of sheep between September and December. Diet management started in May and BPS treatment started in June, that is to say at least 3 months before oocyte collection. The dataset presents zootechnical traits (age, live weight, body condition score), metabolic indicators and hormones concentrations measured in plasma (non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, thyroid hormones, Anti-Mullerian hormone, progesterone, oestradiol and other steroids) as well as in follicular fluid for some of them (progesterone, oestradiol and others steroids), BPS and BPS-glucuronide concentrations in plasma and urine, data from follicular puncture and oocyte collection by ovum pick-up followed by in vitro embryo production (during the 2nd year of experiment). This large dataset can be re-used on the one hand by researchers working on reproductive physiology in interaction with energy metabolism in ruminants, to further investigate the effects of a restricted diet; on the other hand, by toxicologists and endocrinologists to investigate the effects of BPS (potential endocrine disruptor) on several hormones (i.e. steroids) and metabolites.

该数据集包括绵羊模型试验设计的原始数据：代谢状况不同、长期暴露于双酚 S（BPS）的母羊的动物技术特征、生物指标、卵母细胞采集和胚胎生产。连续两年，120 只初产母羊（每年 60 只不同的母羊）被饲养在一个松散的羊圈中，被分配到两个饮食组--限制饮食组（R，n = 30）和良好饮食组（WF，n = 30）--并补充或不补充 BPS（0、4 或 50 μg/kg/天），产生了六个实验组，分别命名为 R-0、R-4、R-50、WF-0、WF-4 和 WF-50（n = 10 只母羊/组）。卵母细胞采集在 9 月至 12 月的绵羊繁殖季节进行。饮食管理从 5 月开始，BPS 治疗从 6 月开始，即至少在卵母细胞采集前 3 个月开始。数据集显示了绵羊的动物学性状（年龄、活重、体况评分）、代谢指标和血浆中测得的激素浓度（非酯化脂肪酸、葡萄糖、甲状腺激素、抗穆勒氏激素、孕酮、雌二醇和其他类固醇）、血浆和尿液中的 BPS 和 BPS-葡萄糖醛酸浓度、卵泡穿刺和卵母细胞采集数据以及体外胚胎生产数据（实验的第二年）。一方面，研究反刍动物生殖生理与能量代谢相互作用的研究人员可以重新使用这个大型数据集，进一步研究限制饮食的影响；另一方面，毒理学家和内分泌学家可以研究 BPS（潜在的内分泌干扰物）对几种激素（即类固醇）和代谢物的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of dietary oregano essential oil on production, blood parameters, and egg quality of laying hens during the early lay phase 日粮牛至精油对蛋鸡产蛋初期的生产性能、血液指标和鸡蛋质量的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100090

A.M. Johnson , M.G. Anderson , M. Arguelles-Ramos , A.B.A. Ali

Essential oils can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for health promotion in livestock. The essential oil of oregano (EOO) can have positive effects on poultry. This study aimed to explore the effects of EOO on performance, blood lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and egg quality in Hy-line Brown layers during the peak laying phase. A total of 270 hens at 24 weeks of age were given, at random, a corn-soybean-based control diet, or the diet supplemented with a commercial EOO product (275 mg/1 kg control diet). Feed and bird weights and egg quality were measured at 24, 30, 36, and 40 weeks while blood samples were taken at 24, 36, and 40 weeks. Differences were measured between treatments and across weeks using generalised linear mixed models and Tukey’s posthoc test for significant differences (α = 0.05) in R 3.3.1. Feed conversion ratio was lower in EOO at 30 and 40 weeks than in control birds (P < 0.05). At 24 and 36 weeks, certain blood lipids- triglycerides and cholesterol- were significantly lower while high-density lipoproteins were significantly higher in hens supplemented with EOO (P < 0.05). Antioxidant parameters, including total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes, were higher at all timepoints in the oregano group compared to the control at all timepoints (P < 0.05). The measure of lipid peroxidation was statistically lower at all timepoints in EOO birds (P < 0.05). Indicators of liver health were significantly lower at certain ages in the EOO group compared to the control group. Indicators of internal egg quality were significantly higher in eggs from the EOO group (P < 0.05), but no differences in external quality were identified. Lastly, levels of egg yolk lipid peroxidation were lower in EOO eggs compared to the control at all timepoints (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oregano essential oil has many benefits, and it may be one potential source of health enhancement in laying hens. Oregano essential oil may be a good option for producers to maximise their flock longevity and enhance potential profit from eggs.

精油可替代抗生素，用于促进家畜健康。牛至精油（EOO）可对家禽产生积极影响。本研究旨在探讨牛至精油对Hy-line褐壳蛋鸡产蛋高峰期的生产性能、血脂、抗氧化能力和鸡蛋质量的影响。研究人员随机给 270 只 24 周龄的母鸡饲喂以玉米-大豆为基础的对照日粮或添加了商用环氧乙烷产品（275 毫克/1 千克对照日粮）的日粮。在 24、30、36 和 40 周时测量饲料和蛋鸡体重以及鸡蛋质量，并在 24、36 和 40 周时采集血液样本。使用 R 3.3.1 中的广义线性混合模型和 Tukey 的显著差异（α = 0.05）事后检验来测量不同处理之间和不同周之间的差异。30 周和 40 周时，EOO 的饲料转化率低于对照组（P < 0.05）。24 周和 36 周时，补充 EOO 的母鸡某些血脂--甘油三酯和胆固醇--明显降低，而高密度脂蛋白则明显升高（P < 0.05）。牛至组在所有时间点的抗氧化参数，包括总抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶，均高于对照组（P <0.05）。牛至组在所有时间点的脂质过氧化程度均低于对照组（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，EOO 组在某些日龄的肝脏健康指标明显较低。EOO组鸡蛋的内部质量指标明显高于对照组（P <0.05），但外部质量没有差异。最后，在所有时间点上，EOO 组鸡蛋的蛋黄脂质过氧化水平均低于对照组（P < 0.05）。总之，牛至精油有很多益处，它可能是蛋鸡健康的一个潜在来源。牛至精油可能是生产者最大限度延长鸡群寿命和提高鸡蛋潜在利润的一个不错选择。

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引用次数: 0

Method: How to avoid decision errors resulting from unjustified use of a general threshold or an invalid linear score to utilise somatic cell counts in dairy cows? 方法：如何避免因不合理使用一般阈值或无效线性评分来利用奶牛体细胞数而导致的决策失误？

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100089

C. Enevoldsen

Bovine somatic cell counts (SCCs) research and management programmes appear to neglect implications for decision−making of the substantial measurement error of SCC. Here, I suggest three frameworks for presenting somatic cell count values from routine collections of cow milk that circumvent possible managerial flaws or biases associated with the current use of a general threshold, such as 200 000 cells/mL, or a linear somatic cell score (SCS). The suggestions are applicable to any kind of dairy herd, require access to two consecutive SCC values from all cows in a homogeneous group, and apply standard statistical techniques. Suggestion #1 demonstrates the nature of pairs of SCC records with a simple assumption-free percentile analysis. Suggestion #2 presents the same data around an elliptical framework with 68 and 95% ellipsoidal prediction limits assuming that a bivariate normal distribution provides a valid description of paired log10-transformed SCC values from cows without mastitis or major udder infection. Visual inspection of the data cloud supports the identification of individual outliers, leverage points, or systematic trends in the study population. These deviations are plausible indications of new cases or the substantial reduction of udder inflammation at cow level, or systematic changes in SCC patterns within group. Suggestion #3 applies an errors-in-variables regression model to assess agreement between two consecutive log10-transformed SCCs at the cow level. This parametric model gives estimates of systematic deviation from perfect agreement (45° slope) at cow level, and automatically and objectively identifies likely outliers and leverage points by means of case-level residual diagnostics. Consequently, this third suggestion supplements visual inspection of the percentile and elliptical analyses with a tool for objectively ranking cow-level SCC deviations from a central (normal, random, or noisy) pattern of SCC changes and identifies distinct patterns (distributions) of SCCs. The three analytical frameworks all demonstrate that a dichotomising (single universal threshold) may not meaningfully identify distinct patterns of cow-level SCCs. Five categories seem sufficient and necessary to capture the main components of a complicated SCC pattern. An assumption of normal distribution may be valid for describing SCCs after log transformation in some herds, but the user must validate this assumption. Substantial upward and downward changes in SCCs (outliers) can be explained as new cases or reductions of udder inflammation, respectively, and such pathobiologically different mechanisms may not fit a single linear scale such as SCS. I discuss possible approaches to combine the three SCC frameworks with microbiological diagnoses.

牛体细胞计数（SCC）研究和管理计划似乎忽视了体细胞计数的巨大测量误差对决策的影响。在此，我提出了三个框架，用于展示从常规牛奶采集中获得的体细胞数值，以规避目前使用的一般阈值（如200 000个细胞/毫升）或线性体细胞评分（SCS）可能带来的管理缺陷或偏差。这些建议适用于任何类型的奶牛群，需要从同质群体中的所有奶牛获得两个连续的体细胞比容值，并应用标准的统计技术。建议 1 通过简单的无假设百分位数分析，展示了成对 SCC 记录的性质。建议 #2 围绕椭圆框架展示了相同的数据，椭圆预测限分别为 68% 和 95%，假设双变量正态分布能有效描述未患乳腺炎或乳房严重感染的奶牛的成对 log10 变形 SCC 值。对数据云的目视检查支持在研究群体中识别个别异常值、杠杆点或系统趋势。这些偏差可能是新病例或奶牛乳房炎症大幅减少的迹象，也可能是组内 SCC 模式发生系统性变化的迹象。建议＃3 采用变量误差回归模型来评估奶牛水平上两个连续对数10转换的SCC之间的一致性。该参数模型可估算奶牛水平上完全一致的系统偏差（45°斜率），并通过个案级残差诊断自动客观地识别可能的异常值和杠杆点。因此，第三项建议补充了对百分位数和椭圆形分析的目测检查，提供了一种工具，用于对奶牛级SCC偏离中心（正常、随机或噪声）SCC变化模式的情况进行客观排序，并识别SCC的独特模式（分布）。三个分析框架都表明，二分法（单一通用阈值）可能无法有效识别奶牛水平SCC的独特模式。五个类别似乎足以且有必要捕捉到复杂 SCC 模式的主要组成部分。正态分布假设可能适用于描述某些牛群对数变换后的SCC，但用户必须验证这一假设。SCC 的大幅上升和下降变化（异常值）可分别解释为新病例或乳房炎症的减轻，而这种病理生物学上的不同机制可能不适合单一的线性量表（如 SCS）。我将讨论将三种 SCC 框架与微生物诊断相结合的可行方法。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic selection based on random regression test-day model in dairy cattle with respect to different reference populations

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100087

Xianming Wei , Jun Teng , Shixi Zhang , Changheng Zhao , Guilin Chen , Zhi Cao , Yan Chen , Jianbin Li , Chao Ning , Qin Zhang

In this study, we applied random regression test-day model for genomic prediction in the Holstein population in Shandong Province of China with respect to different reference populations, using either 150 k chip genotypes or imputed sequence genotypes. Three different reference populations were considered, i.e., the Shandong (SD) reference population consisting of 1 688 Holstein cows from Shandong Province, the Non-SD reference population consisting of 5 299 Holstein cows from other parts of China, and the combined population of the two. The SD reference resulted in higher prediction accuracy than the Non-SD reference, although the former was much smaller than the latter. The combined reference further increased the accuracy. These results indicate that the accuracy of genomic prediction cross-population within breed is low, even though the reference population is large. Using imputed sequence data may not significantly improve the cross-population prediction ability. However, the inclusion of data from other populations into the reference population can improve the accuracy of genomic selection.

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the breed and litter breed composition on the growth, survival, and health of rabbits 品种和窝种组成对家兔生长、生存和健康的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100083

A. Bigot, D. Savietto, S. Combes, L. Fortun-Lamothe, M. Gunia

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the breed and the litter breed composition on the growth, survival, and health of rabbits. Two genetic types were compared: purebred INRA 1777 (INRA) and crossbreed ¾ Fauve-de-Bourgogne × ¼ INRA 1777 (Crossbreed). To study the effect of the litter breed composition, two cross-fostering strategies were used for suckled rabbits at birth: within-genetic type and between-genetic type, where the dam raised kits of the same or different genetic types. Litter composition was maintained after weaning. A total of 1 670 growing rabbits were monitored from birth to weaning (at 35 days of age), and then 1 030 rabbits were monitored from weaning to 64 days of age. Four cohorts were raised from September 2019 to April 2020. Health was evaluated using visual health scores and white blood cell counts. Crossbred rabbits had a higher survival rate in the preweaning period (+14.9% points; P < 0.001), and a higher percentage of healthy individuals at 64 days of age (+13.9% points; P < 0.001) than purebred rabbits, even though the survival rate was equivalent (92%) between the two genetic types in the postweaning period. Crossbred rabbits were lighter than INRA rabbits (−128 g at 64 days of age; P < 0.001). The between-genetic type cross-fostering strategy had a positive effect on survival in the preweaning period (+4.6% points for INRA and +13.3% points for Crossbreed; P < 0.001) compared to the within-genetic type cross-fostering strategy. No lasting effects of the litter breed composition on postweaning survival or health were observed. Mixing kits of different genetic types within litters may be a strategy to improve the overall herd health and help reduce the use of antibiotics in rabbit farming.

本研究旨在探讨品种和窝种组成对家兔生长、生存和健康的影响。比较了两种遗传类型：纯种INRA 1777 （INRA）和杂交品种¾Fauve-de-Bourgogne ×¼INRA 1777（杂种）。为了研究产仔品种组成的影响，在乳兔出生时采用遗传内型和遗传间型两种交叉饲养策略，饲养相同或不同遗传类型的幼兔。断奶后保持凋落物组成。从出生至断奶（35日龄）监测1 670只生长兔，然后从断奶至64日龄监测1 030只。从2019年9月到2020年4月，增加了四个队列。使用视觉健康评分和白细胞计数来评估健康状况。杂交兔断奶前成活率较高(+14.9%；P & lt;0.001)， 64日龄健康个体的百分比更高(+13.9%；P & lt;0.001)，尽管两种基因型在断奶后的存活率相当（92%）。杂交兔比INRA兔轻(64日龄- 128 g；P & lt;0.001)。遗传型间交叉饲养策略对断奶前成活率有积极影响（INRA +4.6%, Crossbreed +13.3%）；P & lt;0.001)，与遗传型内交叉培养策略相比。没有观察到窝产仔品种组成对断奶后生存或健康的持久影响。在窝中混合不同基因类型的试剂盒可能是一种策略，可以改善整个群体的健康状况，并有助于减少兔养殖中抗生素的使用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of age on D20, D40 and live foal rates in the Clydesdale mare 年龄对克莱德代母马D20、D40和活胎率的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100082

J.B. Thomas , M.C.G. Davies Morel , B. Lancaster

Reproductive performance is an important aspect of the equine industry. Breeders ideally want to increase the number of successful or valuable horses, whether these horses are racehorses, eventers, or show horses. This is especially important for breeds like the Clydesdale given the significant decline in breed numbers over the last century from over 20 000 registered horses in the 1920 s to less than 5 000 worldwide today. Mare age is a factor which has been shown to influence reproductive success in Thoroughbreds. However, limited work has been done on other breeds to investigate whether a similar association exists. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of mare age on (1) Day 20 pregnancy rates, (2) Day 40 pregnancy rates, and (3) live foal rates. Breeding records (n = 441) for 135 Clydesdale mares (aged 3–22) were reviewed. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine the Day 20, Day 40, and live foal rates. Rates for country and farm were determined for live foal rates only. Mare was added as a random effect in all models to account for the fact that mares had multiple pregnancies. Mare age was categorised into four age groups: 3–6 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years, >14 years and included as a fixed effect to look for differences across the age groups. Of the 441 pregnancies, 26 involved the use of hormone treatment. As a result, all models were re-run excluding any pregnancies where hormones were used to ensure consistency of results. The overall foaling rate (mean ± ) was 71% (66–76%). There was considerable variation in overall foal rate across farms (35% (13–65%) to 87% (66–96%)) but there was no significant difference (P = 0.177). Country was significant (P = 0.029). Mare age had a significant (P = 0.021) effect on live foaling rates. Mares aged over 14 years had a decrease of 65% in the odds of having a successful pregnancy compared to a horse 3–6 years of age. In conclusion, age was a significant factor for reproductive success in Clydesdales, with mares 14 years of age or younger having the highest reproductive success.

繁殖性能是马业的一个重要方面。育种者的理想目标是增加成功或有价值马匹的数量，无论这些马匹是赛马、赛事用马还是表演用马。这对于像克莱德代尔这样的品种尤为重要，因为在上个世纪，该品种的数量大幅减少，从 20 世纪 20 年代的 20,000 多匹注册马减少到现在的全球不足 5,000 匹。母马年龄是影响纯血马繁殖成功率的一个因素。然而，对其他马种是否存在类似关联的研究还很有限。本研究旨在确定母马年龄对（1）第 20 天妊娠率、（2）第 40 天妊娠率和（3）活驹率的影响。研究回顾了 135 头克莱德代尔母马（年龄在 3-22 岁之间）的繁殖记录（n = 441）。采用广义线性混合模型确定第 20 天、第 40 天和活胎率。国家和农场的比率仅用于确定活胎率。在所有模型中，母马作为随机效应被加入，以考虑母马多次怀孕的情况。母马年龄分为四个年龄组：3-6 岁、7-10 岁、11-14 岁和 14 岁，并将其作为固定效应，以寻找不同年龄组之间的差异。在 441 例妊娠中，有 26 例使用了激素治疗。因此，为了确保结果的一致性，我们重新运行了所有模型，排除了所有使用激素的妊娠。总体受胎率（平均值 ± ）为 71% （66-76%）。各牧场的总体受胎率差异很大（35%（13-65%）至 87%（66-96%）），但无显著差异（P = 0.177）。国家差异显著（P = 0.029）。母马年龄对活胎率有显著影响（P = 0.021）。与 3-6 岁的马相比，14 岁以上的母马成功怀孕的几率降低了 65%。总之，年龄是影响克莱德雌马繁殖成功率的一个重要因素，14 岁或以下的母马繁殖成功率最高。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the amount of milk replacer offers to Holstein dairy heifers on pre- and postweaning growth 向荷斯坦奶牛小母牛提供的代乳品量对断奶前和断奶后生长的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100081

J. Philion , L. Laflamme-Michaud , D.E. Santschi , É.R. Paquet , É. Charbonneau

The whole milk or milk replacer (MR) intake by dairy heifers during their preweaning period is known to have an impact on their early and long-term development, growth, and productivity. The objective of this study was to assess whether providing ad libitum access to MR in comparison to the Canadian milk feeding recommendation would impact growth performance during the preweaning period, and if those impacts would be maintained in the postweaning period, near puberty at around 11 months of age. On a commercial farm located in Quebec, Canada, 179 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to two treatments where they were offered (1) ad libitum access to MR (AdLib, n = 93) or (2) a maximum amount of MR corresponding to 20% of their birth weights as currently recommended by the Canadian Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Dairy Cattle (ReCan, n = 86). Weaning started at 52 and 64 d of age for AdLib and ReCan, respectively, and was completed at 76 d of age for both treatments. Milk replacer (28% CP, 16% fat, 15% DM) was offered using an automated feeding system, and the amount of MR was gradually reduced at weaning, over 24 and 12 d for AdLib and ReCan, respectively, with an identical program for the last 12 d. Data were collected for individual heifers to obtain live BW, heart girth circumference, withers height, hip height, and hip width during the preweaning (55 d) period and around puberty (around 11 mo). Mean MR intake at peak consumption between 46 d and 52 d was 11.8 L/d for AdLib vs 8.3 L/d for ReCan. Our results show that heifers on the AdLib treatment had significantly higher BW at 55 d of age and around puberty compared to heifers on the ReCan treatment. At weaning, no significant differences were observed for heart girth circumference, withers height, hip width, or average daily gain (ADG). Near puberty, the BW and hip height are significantly higher for the AdLib heifers and, when considering only heifers consuming a minimal amount of 7.5 L/d at the peak of consumption for the analysis, heart girth circumference, and ADG are significantly higher as well. Our results indicate that preweaning body conformation gains associated with an AdLib feeding program are maintained until puberty and this is even when compared to the current Canadian milk feeding recommendation of 20% of live weight in MR.

众所周知，奶牛小母牛在断奶前的全脂奶或代乳粉（MR）摄入量会对其早期和长期发育、生长和生产性能产生影响。本研究的目的是评估与加拿大牛奶饲喂建议相比，自由摄入 MR 是否会影响断奶前的生长性能，以及这些影响是否会在断奶后接近 11 月龄青春期时持续。在加拿大魁北克省的一个商业农场中，179 头荷斯坦小母牛被随机分配到两种处理中：(1) 自由摄入 MR（AdLib，n = 93）或 (2) 按照《加拿大奶牛饲养和处理操作规范》（ReCan，n = 86）目前的建议，摄入相当于出生体重 20% 的最大 MR 量。AdLib 和 ReCan 分别于 52 和 64 日龄开始断奶，两种处理均于 76 日龄完成断奶。使用自动饲喂系统提供代乳粉（28% CP、16% 脂肪、15% DM），在断奶时逐渐减少 MR 的用量，AdLib 和 ReCan 分别在 24 天和 12 天内减少 MR 的用量，最后 12 天采用相同的程序。在断奶前（55 天）和青春期前后（约 11 个月）收集母牛个体的数据，以获得活体体重、心围、肩高、臀高和臀宽。在 46 日龄至 52 日龄期间，AdLib 和 ReCan 在高峰期的平均 MR 采食量分别为 11.8 升/日和 8.3 升/日。我们的结果表明，与使用 ReCan 处理的母牛相比，使用 AdLib 处理的母牛在 55 日龄和青春期前后的体重明显较高。断奶时，心围、肩高、臀宽和平均日增重（ADG）均无明显差异。在接近青春期时，AdLib 母牛的体重和臀高明显高于其他母牛，而且，如果只考虑分析母牛在消耗高峰期的最低消耗量 7.5 升/天，则心周长和平均日增重也明显高于其他母牛。我们的研究结果表明，与 AdLib 饲喂计划相关的断奶前体形增重可保持到青春期，即使与目前加拿大推荐的 20% 的活重（MR）牛奶饲喂量相比也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The role of anti-E. coli antibody from maternal colostrum on the colonization of newborn dairy calves gut with Escherichia coli and the development of clinical diarrhea” [Animal Open Space 2 (2023) 100037] 来自母体初乳的抗大肠杆菌抗体对新生乳牛肠道大肠杆菌定植和临床腹泻发生的作用》[动物开放空间 2 (2023) 100037]更正

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100080

V. Gomes , B.P. Barros , D.I. Castro-Tardón , C.C. Martin , F.C.R. Santos , T. Knöbl , B.P. Santarosa , L.M. Padilha , D.J. Hurley

引用次数: 0

Method: Body composition assessment of sows using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 方法：方法：使用双能 X 射线吸收测定法评估母猪的身体成分

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100079

J. Heurtault , G. Maïkoff , M.P. Létourneau-Montminy , P. Schlegel

For about 30 years, the introduction of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners in swine research has enabled the non-invasive study of body composition kinetics in animals. So far, the use of DXA technology in swine was focused on piglets, growing pigs up to about 140 kg of BW, as well as carcasses. Due to their size and weight, measuring a sow’s body composition is beyond the technical limits of the device. Furthermore, the chemical composition derived from DXA values is based on equations developed for pigs weighing between 20 and 100 kg. The present aim was to focus on the sow to (1) present a standard operation procedure to obtain the body composition of sows by DXA, and (2) assess the ability of available equations to predict a sow’s chemical body composition. For (1), a study investigated the effect of the animal’s position on DXA body composition. A total of 58 DXA acquisitions of sows were obtained on the standard ventral position (front and back legs extended) and on the lateral position (on left flank with right legs placed inward and left legs placed outward). The predicted BW, lean tissue mass, fat tissue mass, bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral density of the standard ventral position from the obtained lateral position resulted in root mean square prediction errors expressed as a percentage of the observed mean value of 0.5, 1.9, 5.0, 2.7, 3.1 and 3.5%, respectively. For (2), 3 sows were scanned alive and then slaughtered to measure chemical composition, then, these results were compared with equations based on growing pig data. The chemical composition of the carcass was predicted more accurately than that of the empty body. Regarding minerals, the Ca and P contents of the empty body were overestimated (12 and 3% respectively), as with the Ca content of the carcass (6%), while the P content of the carcass was underestimated (5%). In conclusion, the proposed material and operation procedure enables the scanning of sows which exceed the maximal specification of a DXA device. Furthermore, before concluding the accuracy of the chemical body composition prediction equations based on DXA data for pigs weighing between 20 and 100 kg, additional data are required to determine their applicability to sows.

大约 30 年来，双 X 射线吸收仪（DXA）扫描仪在猪研究中的应用使得对动物体成分动力学的无创研究成为可能。迄今为止，DXA 技术在猪身上的应用主要集中在仔猪、体重不超过 140 千克的生长猪以及胴体上。由于母猪的体型和体重，测量母猪的身体成分超出了设备的技术极限。此外，根据 DXA 值得出的化学成分是基于为体重在 20 至 100 公斤之间的猪开发的方程。目前的目标是以母猪为重点，(1) 提出通过 DXA 获取母猪身体成分的标准操作程序，(2) 评估现有公式预测母猪身体化学成分的能力。对于(1)，一项研究调查了动物位置对 DXA 体成分的影响。在标准腹位（前腿和后腿伸直）和侧位（左侧腹，右腿向内，左腿向外）上共采集了 58 头母猪的 DXA 图像。根据侧卧位对标准腹位的体重、瘦肉组织质量、脂肪组织质量、骨矿物质含量、骨面积和骨矿物质密度进行预测，得出的均方根预测误差（以占观测平均值的百分比表示）分别为 0.5%、1.9%、5.0%、2.7%、3.1% 和 3.5%。对于 (2)，对 3 头母猪进行活体扫描，然后宰杀以测量化学成分，然后将这些结果与基于生长猪数据的方程进行比较。对胴体化学成分的预测比对空体化学成分的预测更准确。在矿物质方面，空体的钙和磷含量被高估了（分别为 12% 和 3%），胴体的钙含量被高估了（6%），而胴体的磷含量被低估了（5%）。总之，所建议的材料和操作程序可对超过 DXA 设备最大规格的母猪进行扫描。此外，在对基于 DXA 数据的体重在 20 至 100 公斤之间的猪的化学体成分预测方程的准确性得出结论之前，还需要更多数据来确定其对母猪的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Method: Protocol for in-ovo stimulation with selected pro-/prophy-biotics to mitigate Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens 方法：使用特定原/原生物制剂进行体内刺激以减少肉鸡空肠弯曲菌感染的方案

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100077

R.N. Wishna-Kadawarage , R.M. Hickey , M. Siwek

Broiler chickens are a natural reservoir for Campylobacter which is largely responsible for the highest reported zoonotic infection within the Europe, Campylobacteriosis. However, despite extensive scientific investment, the broiler industry is still in need of effective intervention strategies to control this pathogen in broiler production. In-ovo modulation has been studied extensively as a method to positively modulate the gastrointestinal microflora in broiler chickens. However, the efficacy of an in-ovo method against Campylobacter has not been studied to date to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the current study was conducted to validate the efficacy of a protocol for in-ovo stimulation of ROS308 broiler chicken eggs with Leuconostoc mesenteroides B/00288 strain alone (probiotic) and in combination with garlic aqueous extract (prophybiotic) in reducing the abundance of Campylobacter jejuni in ceca. On 12th day of incubation, the selected doses of the probiotic and prophybiotic were injected into the air cell of the eggs as treatments. Two control groups (Negative control: without injections and positive control injected with physiological saline) were also included in the experiment. The impact of the protocol on hatch parameters (hatchability, chick length, chick weight and Pasgar score), BWs and feed conversion ratio was recorded. When the chickens were 21 days old, an infection challenge with Campylobacter jejuni was performed. A quantitative PCR method was used to quantify the Campylobacter relative abundance in faeces (one week postinfection) and in the cecal content (at the age of 35 days). The probiotic treatment significantly (P-value = 0.0020) reduced the Campylobacter jejuni numbers in the ceca while the prophybiotic treatment resulted in a statistical tendency (P-value = 0.0691) in reducing the abundance of Campylobacter jejuni in ceca. Both treatments had no adverse effects on the hatch or production parameters studied. In conclusion, in-ovo stimulation with the probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides demonstrated potential in reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonisation in the ceca of ROSS308 broiler chickens infected at 3 weeks of age.

肉鸡是弯曲杆菌的天然贮存库，而弯曲杆菌病是欧洲报告的人畜共患传染病中发病率最高的一种。然而，尽管进行了大量的科学投资，肉鸡行业仍然需要有效的干预策略来控制肉鸡生产中的这种病原体。作为一种积极调节肉鸡胃肠道微生物菌群的方法，体内调控已被广泛研究。然而，据我们所知，迄今为止还没有研究过体内调节法对弯曲杆菌的功效。因此，本研究验证了在 ROS308 型肉鸡蛋中单独添加介尾白色念珠菌 B/00288 株（益生菌）和与大蒜水提取物联合添加（预防菌）对降低盲肠中空肠弯曲菌数量的效果。在孵化的第 12 天，将选定剂量的益生菌和预防性药物注入鸡蛋的气孔中作为处理。实验还包括两个对照组（阴性对照组：不注射；阳性对照组：注射生理盐水）。实验记录了方案对孵化参数（孵化率、雏鸡体长、雏鸡体重和 Pasgar 评分）、体重和饲料转化率的影响。鸡龄为 21 天时，进行空肠弯曲菌感染挑战。采用定量 PCR 方法量化粪便（感染后一周）和盲肠内容物（35 日龄）中弯曲杆菌的相对丰度。益生菌处理明显（P 值 = 0.0020）减少了盲肠中空肠弯曲菌的数量，而预防性处理在减少盲肠中空肠弯曲菌数量方面有统计学趋势（P 值 = 0.0691）。两种处理方法对所研究的孵化或生产参数均无不利影响。总之，在 3 周龄时感染的 ROSS308 肉鸡盲肠中使用益生菌中肠联念珠菌可减少空肠弯曲菌的定植。

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引用次数: 0