Animal - Open Space最新文献

{"title":"Data paper: Milk production, body weight and body condition score during lactation in dairy goats: time-series data and model-based curves from two French herds","authors":"N. Gafsi ,&nbsp;O. Martin ,&nbsp;F. Bidan ,&nbsp;B. Grimard ,&nbsp;L. Puillet","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We collected data from routine measurements carried out on two experimental farms: the MoSAR experimental farm (Yvelines, France) and the Le Pradel experimental farm (Ardèche, France). At MoSAR, milk yield (<strong>MY</strong>) was recorded at each milking using an automated system. BW was measured with a walk-over scale installed in the milking parlour, providing BW readings at each milking, which were then averaged to obtain daily BW values. Body condition score (<strong>BCS</strong>) was scored individually at the lumbar and sternal regions on a scale of 0–5. At Le Pradel, MY was recorded individually according to the national performance control method, while BW was measured using a standard scale. BCS assessments at this farm followed the same methodology as MoSAR. The dataset includes MY, BW, lumbar BCS (<strong>BCS_L</strong>) and sternal BCS (<strong>BCS_S</strong>) data collected from 1996 to 2020. Dataset 1 included 1 442 goats (1 132 Alpine and 310 Saanen) with a total of 4 068 lactations. After filtering outliers and selecting goats based on criteria established in a previous study, we obtained datasets 2–5. Dataset 2 contained 400 520 MY records from 3 421 lactations, while Dataset 3 contained 216 269 BW records from 2 925 lactations. Dataset 4 contained 18 848 BCS_L records from 1 462 lactations. Dataset 5 contained 20 510 BCS_S records from 1 630 lactations. Time series data for each lactation were modelled using different approaches tailored to record frequency (daily, weekly, or monthly), following a methodology developed in a previous study to characterise phenotypic dynamics. These historical data sets are unique due to their longitudinal nature, covering a large goat population. In particular, the MoSAR experimental farm provides high-frequency MY and BW measurements, making these datasets particularly valuable for precision livestock research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-designing sustainability assessment indicators for sheep farming in West Africa using a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats analysis approach","authors":"C.M.E.H. Medenou ,&nbsp;E. Schlecht ,&nbsp;L.H. Dossa","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability assessments of livestock systems in Africa often rely on frameworks developed in the Global North, which may not adequately capture local realities and stakeholder priorities. This study aimed to co-design context-specific sustainability indicators for urban and peri-urban sheep farming in southern Benin. Using a participatory approach, 100 farmers representing three distinct farming systems, specialised sheep fattening (<strong>SSF</strong>), emerging sheep farms (<strong>ESFs</strong>), and traditional sheep farms (<strong>TSFs</strong>), were surveyed through open-ended questions based on a <strong>SWOT</strong> (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) framework. Responses were analyzed using structural topic modelling to identify key sustainability factors, which were subsequently translated into measurable indicators. Twenty-four indicators were developed: 13 economic, four environmental, and seven social. Economic indicators dominated, reflecting farmers’ prioritisation of economic viability, while environmental aspects were underrepresented, indicating limited awareness of ecological impacts. These findings underscore the importance of integrating farmer perspectives with expert input to achieve balanced sustainability frameworks. The proposed indicators lay a foundation for the development of a practical decision-support tool for farmers, extension services, and policymakers, while also contributing conceptually to participatory sustainability assessment models tailored to local livestock systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method: Modelling resource acquisition and allocation – extension and calibration of a cow model to a sheep","authors":"L.S. Kierkegaard ,&nbsp;N.C. Friggens ,&nbsp;B.A. Åby ,&nbsp;G. Steinheim ,&nbsp;L. Puillet","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulation models are suitable to investigate how complex systems respond to changes. This is of particular interest regarding animal feed efficiency as this trait must be evaluated throughout the entire lifetime and thus is affected by trade-offs between physiological functions. The aim was to extend and calibrate the dynamic, mechanistic simulation model “Acquisition and Allocation” (<strong>AQAL</strong>) from dairy cows to reproductive ewes. This model was originally developed for investigating the effects of resource acquisition and allocation potentials on feed efficiency but also allows investigation of trade-offs between life functions. The model represents an individual female from birth to death or herd exit and uses four input parameters to describe the resource acquisition ability and allocation potential. The obtained energy is split between life functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and lactation. By including reproductive management rules, it allows for shifts between physiological stages, which then feedback and affect the current acquisition ability and resource allocation. To adapt the model to a reproductive ewe, we have included a litter size effect, an acquisition capacity linked to gestation, and a seasonal conception probability. The litter size is influenced by the proportion of fat in empty body weight at conception, and it affects the acquisition linked to gestation, the allocation to gestation and the allocation to lactation. We also incorporated the energetic costs of the gravid uterus depending on litter size. We use three different acquisition-allocation profiles to test the consistency of the litter size effect. We show that the model simulates consistent lifetime trajectories of reproductive ewes and that the effect of litter size adequately reflects the demands of increased litter size within the different acquisition/allocation profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Cryptosporidium parvum Incidence during the first days of life on health and performance of dairy calves","authors":"JA. Lombardelli ,&nbsp;MR. Rivero ,&nbsp;ML. Tomazic ,&nbsp;D. McIntosh ,&nbsp;KI. Tiranti","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> is a common enteropathogen causing neonatal diarrhoea in dairy calves worldwide. This condition reduces growth rates and normal development, leading to economic losses for dairy farmers. This cohort study investigated the impact of calf and dam-related factors on <em>C. parvum</em> incidence and evaluated the effects of early-life infection on health and growth. One hundred and forty calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age. A high incidence of <em>C. parvum</em> was observed at 13 days of age. Calves that experienced difficult calving and had serum total protein levels &lt;5.5 g/dl had a fourfold higher risk of <em>C. parvum</em> infection compared to those without these conditions. Early-life infection (≤8 days) significantly increased the risk of experiencing diarrhoea by four times and having diarrhoea lasting more than three days by three times. Additionally, calves infected within the first 8 days of life were nearly eight times more likely to gain less than 500 g of BW per day. This study highlights that difficult calving and inadequate immunoglobulin absorption increase the likelihood of early-life <em>C. parvum</em> infection, impacting calf health and growth. The impact of infection acquired during the first days of life represents a significant negative risk to calf health and growth, underscoring the importance of implementing management strategies to enhance animal welfare and reduce environmental contamination with <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data paper: Experimental data from a controlled feeding trial evaluating methane reduction and performance enhancement in crossbred male sheep","authors":"A.G. Jones ,&nbsp;A.A. Khan ,&nbsp;T.T. Akpensuen ,&nbsp;P.D.M. Filho ,&nbsp;S.P. Márquez ,&nbsp;T. Darch ,&nbsp;M.J. Rivero","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents enteric emissions data, coupled with feed intake and biophysical measurements from 20 indoor-housed, castrated male sheep. Animals were fed either a control diet or supplemented with a novel enteric methane−suppressing feed additive (NuAdvent+) and were housed for 71 days within BioControl Controlling and Recording Feed Intake pens, providing continuous feed intake monitoring data for the duration of the trial. Methane and CO₂ measurements were also obtained for individual animals during this period, using GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring units. Blood variable measurements were obtained on day 71, alongside bodyweight and body-condition measurements taken periodically throughout. For all variables tested, differences between control and treatment groups were determined using a <em>t</em>-test. This high-resolution dataset thus offers a robust basis for evaluating methane mitigation strategies, validating and refining predictive models for methane emissions, and linking emissions with animal performance. The dataset can also contribute to national GHG inventories by providing detailed, region-specific data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method: Cold-storage temperature and dilution effects on kinematics of Brahman bull sperm patterns assessed with a Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis portable device","authors":"P. García ,&nbsp;F. Sevilla ,&nbsp;I. Araya-Zúñiga ,&nbsp;P. Cervantes-Acosta ,&nbsp;A. Hernández-Beltrán ,&nbsp;B. Domínguez-Mancera ,&nbsp;R. Molina-Montero ,&nbsp;M. Barrientos-Morales ,&nbsp;J. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;A. Salamanca-Carreño ,&nbsp;A. Valverde","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beef cattle profitability depends on bull fertility. To replace traditional subjective bull quality ratings, a portable Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (<strong>CASA</strong>) device can be used to generate objective results. The device requires careful control of temperature, dilution rate, and other methodological variables. This work provides a bovine semen analysis adapted methodology using a CASA portable device. It considers the effects of dilution, cooling times, and temperature in farms, where CASA evaluations of sperm quality, motility, and kinematics are frequently carried out. Fifteen ejaculates from five Brahman bulls were collected by electro-ejaculation. Aliquots were extended in Optixcell at 1:1 or 1:40 (v:v), stored at 5 °C and 17 °C, and evaluated after 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h. Motility and kinematics were measured with iSperm®, and viability with an eosin–nigrosine stain. An ANOVA determined the effects of dilution rate, temperature, and cooling times, as well as interactions of the same. When effects proved statistically significant, mean comparisons ± SEM were carried out using the Bonferroni test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The 1:1 dilution precluded CASA tracking, whereas the 1:40 dilution (∼90 × 10⁶ mL⁻¹) produced reliable outputs.</div><div>Total and progressive motility declined with storage time (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), occurring after 8 h at 17 °C and 6 h at 5 °C. Cooling reduced curvilinear, average-path, and straight-line velocities; yet at 5 °C, the highest absolute speeds were observed, whereas 17 °C yielded the most progressive trajectories, with higher LIN and STR indices. Membrane integrity dropped sharply between 48 and 72 h. Dilution to 1:40 and storage at 17 °C conserved more progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity for up to 24 h than 5 °C. The protocol is useful for developing field guidelines to preserve sperm quality traits that could be associated with fertility during short-term storage in beef systems using fresh artificial insemination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data paper: 2D and 3D images of pork carcasses associated with carcass and cut weights","authors":"I.P. Siqueira,&nbsp;E.B. Schultz,&nbsp;P.C.S. Oliveira,&nbsp;C.L.C. Nunes,&nbsp;J. Barcellos,&nbsp;M.I. Hannas,&nbsp;M.L. Chizzotti","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data from 39 pork right half-carcasses that demonstrate the relationship between 2D and 3D images and carcass and cut weights are presented. All half carcasses were weighed after slaughter. Following 24 h of chilling, they were separated into primal cuts and individually weighed. Each half carcass was scanned by a portable 3D scanner, providing a raw 3D model. The 2D images were obtained by capturing screenshots of the lateral and dorsal views of the 3D models. In both 2D and 3D images, it is possible to extract information related to shape, colour, and texture. These features can be employed in the development of predictive models for half-carcass weight, individual cut weights, and the total yield of primary cuts. Moreover, such models hold potential applications in robotic systems for slaughterhouses as well as in educational settings. All data are being used to prepare a publication, but they may be reused and analysed using alternative methodologies and for different purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Paper: HotPig, a behavioural dataset of pigs under heat stress","authors":"L. Bonneau de Beaufort ,&nbsp;C. Xavier ,&nbsp;D. Renaudeau ,&nbsp;C. Largouet ,&nbsp;F. Gondret","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of videos in modern indoor livestock facilities coupled with the availability of efficient and low-cost computer vision algorithms provides strong incentives for continuously monitoring farm animal behaviour. Deciphering how pigs behave when experiencing prolonged heat stress is particularly important for animal welfare, as it helps us to better understand how animals use various thermoregulation and heat dissipation mechanisms. Data were collected on 24 pigs that were video-monitored day and night under two contrasted conditions: thermoneutral (<strong>TN</strong>, 22 °C) and heat stress (<strong>HS</strong>, 32 °C). All pigs were housed individually and had free access to an automatic feeder delivering pellets four times a day, and to water. After acquisition, videos were processed using YOLOv11, a real-time object detection algorithm that uses a convolutional neural network (<strong>CNN</strong>), to extract the following behavioural traits: drinking, willingness to eat, lying down, standing up, moving around, curiosity towards the littermate housed in the neighbouring pen, and contact between the two animals (cuddling). A minute frequency sampling rate was applied (each minute corresponds to 150 frames processed) for a continuous period of 16 days, spanning the two different thermal conditions (9 days on TN, 6 days on HS, 1 day back to TN). Consistency with the automatic electronic feeder’s data (also provided) was thoroughly checked. The dataset allows quantitative criterion to be analysed to decipher inter-individual differences in animal behaviour and their dynamic adaptation to heat stress. This dataset can be used to train any machine learning methods for behaviour prediction from videos in conventional growing pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using respiratory gas flux and backward dietary energy partitioning to estimate energy intake by beef cattle when fed a high-concentrate diet","authors":"E.J. Friend ,&nbsp;S.A. Gunter ,&nbsp;A. Stamps ,&nbsp;P.A. Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twelve Charolais steers (initial shrunk BW = 223 ± 21.5 kg) were used in a 73-d feeding experiment to evaluate the use of CH₄ and CO₂ emissions, and O₂ consumption as biomarkers in the estimation of energy intake by growing beef cattle fed a high-concentrate diet when integrated with backward dietary energy partitioning calculations. Steers were housed in a pen equipped with Calan gates with access to an automated head-chamber system (<strong>AHCS</strong>). Steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments according to DM intake as a multiple of maintenance, which are 1.1 (<strong>1.1M</strong>, n = 4), 1.4 (<strong>1.4M</strong>, n = 4), and 1.8 (<strong>1.8M</strong>, n = 4) of a 13.0 MJ/kg diet. The diet fed was 350 g of chopped sorghum hay (CP = 64 g/kg of DM; <em>in vitro</em> digestibility = 578 g/kg of organic matter (<strong>OM</strong>)) and 650 g of concentrate (CP = 191 g/kg of DM; <em>in vitro</em> digestibility = 918 g/kg of OM)/kg of DM. The concentrate consisted of 418 g of flaked corn, 85 g of cottonseed meal, 130 g of distillers’ grain, and 175 g of limestone/kg of DM. Steers were supplemented daily with 1.0 kg of alfalfa pellets (<em>Medicago sativa;</em> CP = 166 g/kg of DM; <em>in vitro</em> digestibility = 870 g/kg of OM) that were fed through the AHCS as bait. Methane tended (<em>P</em> = 0.07), and CO₂ emissions and O₂ consumption (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) increased with the increasing feeding rates. Calculated intake for gross energy (<strong>GE</strong>; 71.4, 86.9, and 106.7 MJ/d, respectively), digestible energy (<strong>DE</strong>; 61.1, 72.1, 86.7 MJ/d, respectively), and metabolisable energy (<strong>ME</strong>; 50.35, 60.19, 73.30 MJ/d, respectively) increased concurrently with the increases in energy retention and heat production. The predicted intake rates for GE (63.1, 78.3, and 93.9 MJ/d, respectively), DE (52.8, 63.9, and 73.6 MJ/d, respectively), and ME (42.0, 52.0, and 60.2 MJ/d, respectively) increased concurrently with the increase from 1.1M to 1.8M. Pearson correlations of calculated and predicted GE, DE, and ME intake rates agreed closely (r = 0.95, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively). This experiment shows that with multiple short-term breath measurements from an AHCS, BW, and an estimate of average daily gain that GE, DE, and ME intakes by cattle consuming a high-concentrate diet can be predicted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method: A standardised laboratory method for measuring ammonia volatilisation from pig slurry using a dynamic flux multichamber system","authors":"A. Antonacci ,&nbsp;G. Lazzari ,&nbsp;G. Bee","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (<strong>NH₃</strong>) emissions generated by animal manure represent a challenge for the current livestock system, especially in the context of pig production. Standardised methods for measuring NH₃ concentration in pig slurry are needed to assess whether specific management strategies (e.g. low-protein diets and feed additives) can reduce NH₃ emissions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a standardised procedure and test the repeatability in measuring NH₃ concentration in pig slurry using a laboratory-controlled method based on a dynamic flux multichamber system. Five slurry mixes of 348 g each were prepared using spot faecal and urine samples from a single pig. Every mix was composed of 87 g of faeces, 87 g of urine, and 174 g of distilled water. For each mix, three replicates of 100 g were realised, for a total of 15 slurry replicates of five slurry mixes. The 15 slurry replicates were contained in jars, placed in a water bath (21 °C), and injected with an even flow of synthetic air (approx. 0.3 L/min). The replicates were connected to a cavity ring-down spectrometer (<strong>CRDS</strong>), which, combined with a multichannel sampler, measured the NH₃ concentration of the outgoing air flow from the slurry replicates for 168.75 consecutive hours. Each slurry replicate was measured cyclically for 15 min, with a 10-min interval between two slurry replicates over 168.75 h of measurements. The values recorded during the final 60 s of each 15-min period were interpolated on an hourly basis, obtaining one NH₃ concentration value per hour. To test the repeatability of the method, CVs of area under the curve for NH₃ concentration (<strong>AUC NH</strong>_{<strong>3</strong>}, ppm × h), NH₃ concentration peak value (<strong>PV NH</strong>_{<strong>3</strong>}, ppm) and time to reach the peak (<strong>TTP</strong>, h) were calculated within pairs of replicates from the same mix and within pairs of mixes. For the slurry mixes, all the CVs calculated showed a variation lower than 10%. Among the replicates, only the CV related to the TTP registered a value higher than 10% for four pairs of replicates out of 15. These findings suggest that the proposed dynamic flux multichamber system provides a standardised and repeatable approach for measuring NH₃ concentration in pig slurry under controlled laboratory conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}