Pastoralist milking spaces as multispecies sites of gendered control and resistance in Kenya

Kayla Yurco
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Abstract

Abstract This article details the gendered micro-politics of livestock management in a pastoralist community in southern Kenya. It centers on traditionally underemphasized women’s spaces within homesteads and women’s livestock caretaking activities therein, and in so doing demonstrates how gendered labor is co-constitutive of gendered norms and resource access norms. Moreover, in focusing on access to cattle, access to milk, milk use, and decision-making concerning these cornerstones of livestock-based economies, it illuminates the variety of women’s responsibilities and challenges regarding resource management, food security, and wellbeing. Drawing from an ethnographic mixed methods research project, including an in-depth focal household study, household surveys, intra-household surveys, and interviews, this article also illuminates the norms, rules, and institutions governing gendered labor and resource management decisions in the gendered, multispecies spaces of milking. Findings presented here reveal how processes of rule-making and rule-breaking around milk management (access, use, and sales) come to be, why they are challenged or perpetuated, and their impacts on everyday gendered practices during rare times of plenty and more frequent times of hardship. These findings contribute to literatures that highlight the importance of understanding spatialized and gendered intra-household dynamics for reducing inequities in food systems.
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肯尼亚牧民挤奶空间作为多物种性别控制和抵抗的场所
本文详细介绍了肯尼亚南部一个牧民社区牲畜管理的性别微观政治。它以传统上被忽视的女性在宅基地中的空间和女性在其中的牲畜看护活动为中心,并以此证明性别劳动是如何共同构成性别规范和资源获取规范的。此外,通过关注牛的获取、牛奶的获取、牛奶的使用以及与畜牧业经济的这些基石相关的决策,报告阐明了妇女在资源管理、粮食安全和福祉方面的各种责任和挑战。基于一个民族志混合方法研究项目,包括深入的焦点家庭研究、家庭调查、家庭内部调查和访谈,本文还阐明了在性别化、多物种的挤奶空间中,管理性别劳动力和资源管理决策的规范、规则和制度。本文提出的研究结果揭示了围绕牛奶管理(获取、使用和销售)制定规则和打破规则的过程是如何形成的,为什么这些规则受到挑战或长期存在,以及它们在难得的丰产时期和更频繁的困难时期对日常性别实践的影响。这些发现有助于强调理解空间化和性别化的家庭内部动态对于减少粮食系统不平等的重要性。
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