Tipping the Scale in LNG Plant Design: Considerations for Train Size, Driver Selection, and Adopting Digitalization

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a great deal of discussion surrounding the topic of mid-scale vs. large-scale liquefaction trains in LNG export facilities. While in some select cases, mid-scale trains (0.5 – 2 million tonnes per year (typ)) may offer commercial, executional, and financial advantages, the decision is not a simple matter of one-size-fits-all, as large trains (>3 million tpy) offer economies of scale, among other benefits. As this paper will explain, choosing a solution that delivers the most value over the life of a facility is contingent on the operator's specific objectives and circumstances. Ultimately, train size and liquefaction licensor selection have only a marginal impact on project capital costs as long as the total facility achieves a minimum of 8 million tpy (Russell, 2018). The paper will offer objective cases for building both mid- and large-scale trains and outline key areas for project stakeholders to consider when making an informed decision regarding capacity and liquefaction licensor. It will also discuss important considerations for optimizing LNG plant design, such as mechanical driver selection, modularization, and the incorporation of digital technologies. The paper will conclude by discussing the importance of adopting a holistic strategy that integrates the entire gas value chain when attempting to drive out costs, minimize risk, and maximize overall project economics.