Physiological mechanisms of action of vitamin D in oral tissues and organs and the possibility of its use in preventive dentistry (literature review)

Abstract

Vitamin D has a variety of effects on oral tissues and organs. Cholecalciferol is involved in the processes of formation of enamel and dentin, metabolism of jaw bone tissue, local immunity and antitumor reactions. The functional features of the vitamin D effects reveal the possibility of dental pathology prevention. Objective. To study the literature data on the effect of vitamin D on oral tissues and organs and the possibility of using vitamin D as a drug in the prevention of dental diseases. Materials and methods. The review and analysis of literary sources was carried out by keywords on the electronic resources of the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, RSCI databases. Russian and foreign sources were used. The literature review was conducted between August 2021 and March 2022. Results. Randomized studies prove that receptors for vitamin D (colecalciferol) are found on the surface of almost all cells, which explains the pleiotropic effect of vitamin D on the human body. Colecalciferol is involved in the formation of substitutive dentin in the foci of demineralization. The active metabolite of vitamin D has an antitumor effect on the oral tissues, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action in periodontal disease. Colecalciferol influences osseointegration during implantation, the processes of osteogenesis and osteolysis during orthodontic treatment. Conclusion. Vitamin D has effects on various tissues and organs of the oral cavity, which gives the possibility to include cholecalciferol in clinical guidelines for dental diseases prophylaxis.