A STUDY OF THE POPULATION GENOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE CHARACTER OF THE GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF EQUINE BREEDS (EQUUS CABALLUS L.)

Abstract

For the first time, a genome-wide study was conducted for 6 native breeds (Kabardian, Vyatka, zabaikalian, Yakut) with unique adaptive qualities and 2 cultural breeds that are strictly selected for multidirectional characteristics. Data on the state of the genetic structure of breeds were obtained. The phylogenetic relationships between breeds were studied, the ancestral groups that participated in the formation of the breed structure were determined, and the influence of factory improver breeds on the microevolution of local breeds was estimated. the results of the research are correlated with the freely available results of the genome-wide analysis of foreign horse populations and breeds. The ways of identifying complexes that characterize the severity of selected traits in breeds with different directions of use are outlined. The high efficiency of using the obtained results to determine belonging to a particular breed is determined. A database of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes was created to conduct a retrospective analysis of the origin and refinement of breeding records in the system of centralized breeding records in horse breeding. As additional markers, we used targeted SNPs that characterize the severity of selected traits