LEXICAL EXPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT «POWER» IN OLD ENGLISH (LEXICAL AND-SEMANTIC STUDIES)

Alexander I. Iliadi, A. A. Fedorova
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Abstract

The paper deals with a group of Old English lexemes with the meaning ʻpowerʼ, namely: wald/weald, mund, rīki/rīce, dōm. The use of wald/weald, mund, rīki/rīce, dōm in genre-variegated original texts gives grounds for referring them to the semantic field «Law», i.e., to a very important cluster of the vocabulary of the ancient Angles and Saxons. Working with words expressing the concept of «power», the authors set the goal of analyzing the semantic nuances that differentiate the use of OE wald, mund, etc., for which they solve several research tasks: 1) find out the sources of the semantics of ʻpowerʼ; 2) determine the conditions in which the sememe ʻpowerʼ developed on the basis of other meanings (contexts and, in one case, possibly the result of the influence of Latin as the language of law). The analysis of the material gives reason to assume that the Old English contexts, where actual connections of the meanings of a single word are traced, do not always prove the fact that the sememe ʻpowerʼ appeared precisely in the Old English period, because in other ancient Germanic languages etymological analogues with a close semantic relationship are known. This fact indicates the probability of the Proto-Germanic age of the semantic shift.
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古英语中“权力”概念的词汇解释(词汇与语义研究)
本文研究了古英语中具有“权力”意义的一组词汇,即:wald/weald, mund, rīki/rīce, dōm。wald/weald, mund, rīki/rīce, dōm在各种类型的原始文本中的使用,使他们有理由将其参考语义场“Law”,即古代盎格鲁和撒克逊人的一个非常重要的词汇群。在研究表达“权力”概念的单词时,作者设定了分析OE wald、mund等用法的语义细微差别的目标,为此他们解决了几个研究任务:1)找出“权力”的语义来源;2)确定词素“权力”在其他意义的基础上发展的条件(语境,在一种情况下,可能是拉丁语作为法律语言影响的结果)。对材料的分析让我们有理由假设,古英语语境中,单个单词的实际意义联系被追踪,并不总是证明义素“power”恰好出现在古英语时期的事实,因为在其他古日耳曼语言中,具有密切语义关系的词源类似物是已知的。这一事实表明了语义转移的原日耳曼时代的可能性。
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