Peculiarities of the response of the productivity potential of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) hybrids on agroclimatic conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Z. Mazur
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Abstract

Topicality. Adaptive properties and the plant resistance to adverse environmental factors greatly influence obtaining a high and stable yield, especially in adverse and extreme weather conditions. Issues. The introduction of modern Ukrainian varieties of winter rye with high adaptive properties makes it possible to solve the problem of stabilization of grain yield and production. Aim. To determine the adaptive potential of the best cytoplasmic male sterile hybrids in the environmental variety testing system. Material and methods. The initial material for research was varieties, hybrids and lines of winter rye with recessive control of stem length, donors of self-fertility and cytoplasmic male sterility from the collection of the Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station at the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets NAAS Ukraine. We have performed the research according to generally accepted methods. The response degree of genotypes to the variability of environmental conditions and the breeding value of hybrids were characterized by the coefficient of ecological plasticity b1. Results.The influence of climatic conditions on the winter rye yield was studied and the assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of hybrids was given. Based on the results of research, it is possible to recommend for cultivation of winter rye hybrids which give a stable yield regardless of weather conditions and with regression coefficient of not less than 1.0 and a minimum mean deviation from the regression line. Conclusions. During 2015–2019, approbation of hybrids was carried out in 8 regional State centers for plant variety examination of Ukraine. According to the results of the State Scientific and Technical Examination, Wals hybrid was included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine since 2020 and was recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Key words: winter rye, hybrid, growing environment, ecological plasticity, yield.
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乌克兰中部森林草原冬季黑麦杂交种生产潜力对农业气候条件响应的特殊性
时事性。适应性和植物对不利环境因素的抗性对获得高产和稳产有很大影响,特别是在恶劣和极端天气条件下。问题。引进适应性强的乌克兰现代冬黑麦品种,为解决稳定粮食产量和生产问题提供了可能。的目标。确定最佳细胞质雄性不育杂交种在环境品种试验系统中的适应潜力。材料和方法。最初的研究材料是来自乌克兰生物能源作物和甜菜研究所Verkhniachka研究和育种站收集的茎长隐性控制的冬季黑麦品种、杂交种和品系、自育供体和细胞质雄性不育。我们按照公认的方法进行了这项研究。基因型对环境条件变异性的响应程度和杂种的育种价值用生态可塑性系数b1来表征。结果。研究了气候条件对冬黑麦产量的影响,并对杂交品种的生态可塑性和稳定性进行了评价。根据研究结果,可以推荐栽培在任何天气条件下产量稳定、回归系数不小于1.0、与回归线平均偏差最小的冬黑麦杂交种。结论。2015-2019年期间,在乌克兰8个区域国家植物品种审查中心进行了杂交种审批。根据国家科技鉴定结果,沃尔斯杂交种自2020年起被列入乌克兰国家适宜推广植物品种名录,推荐在乌克兰森林草原地带种植。关键词:冬黑麦,杂交,生长环境,生态可塑性,产量。
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