EPIDEMIC MALARIA: IS IT THREATENING TO EGYPT WITH THE TRAVELERS AND IMMIGRANTS THROUGH THE SOUTHERN BORDERS

Abstract

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by Plasmodium species that infects Anopheles mosquito which feeds on humans. But, as malaria parasites live in the RBC, infection also occur by blood transfusion, organ transplantation, shared contaminated needles or stick-injury, and placental transmission with perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age neonates. Malaria patients are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness; but these symptoms may be mild and difficult to diagnose malaria. The severe infection may cause kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death. Man is infected by P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale subspecies, P. malari-ae, & P. knowlesi , with P. falciparum results in severe infections, which may be miss-diagnosed with zoonotic babesiosis. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented.