The Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex: Re-assessing the Emergence of Ancient Kedah

IF 0.3 Q3 AREA STUDIES Kajian Malaysia Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI:10.21315/km2021.39.2.6
Nasha Rodziadi Khaw, L. Gooi, M. M. Saidin, Naizatul Akma Mohd Mokhtar, Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This article proposes new historical perspectives arising from the findings in the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex, Kedah, by the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2009. Excavations in the complex unearthed the remains of iron smelting sites, wharves and other brick structures, dating back to the 2nd/3rd century AD. The discoveries of furnaces, tuyeres and iron slag attest to Sungai Batu’s role as the centre for primary iron production, employing the bloomery method. The study suggests that Ancient Kedah appeared as one of the hubs for the trans-Asiatic trade network with the rise of the iron industry, while its economic complexity grew steadily in successive centuries. The early emergence of Ancient Kedah was a development synchronous with the later phase of the Indian-Southeast Asian exchange network between the 2nd to the 4th century AD when inter and intra-regional trade intensified. Due to its favourable geological features, strategic location with a suitable ecozone, as well as being a thriving centre for primary iron production, Ancient Kedah emerged as an important harbour. It was this trading and industrial past, the article will argue, that contributed to the rise of other economic hubs within Ancient Kedah, such as Pengkalan Bujang and Kampung Sungai Mas, which eventually developed into entrepôts after the 5th century AD.
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双溪拔都考古群:重新评估古吉打的出现
这篇文章提出了新的历史观点,这些观点是由马来西亚圣士大学全球考古研究中心于2009年在吉打州的双溪巴图考古建筑群中发现的。在该建筑群的发掘中,出土了炼铁遗址、码头和其他砖结构建筑的遗迹,可追溯到公元2 /3世纪。熔炉、风口和铁渣的发现证明了Sungai Batu作为采用bloomery方法的初级铁生产中心的作用。研究表明,随着铁工业的兴起,古代吉打州成为跨亚洲贸易网络的枢纽之一,而其经济复杂性在连续几个世纪中稳步增长。古吉打的早期出现与印度-东南亚交流网络的后期阶段(公元2世纪至4世纪)同步发展,当时区域间和区域内贸易加剧。由于其有利的地质特征,战略位置与合适的生态区,以及作为一个繁荣的初级铁生产中心,古吉打州成为一个重要的港口。这篇文章认为,正是这种贸易和工业的过去,促成了古吉打州其他经济中心的崛起,如彭卡兰布江和甘蓬Sungai Mas,这些经济中心最终在公元5世纪后发展成为entrepôts。
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来源期刊
Kajian Malaysia
Kajian Malaysia AREA STUDIES-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
20 weeks
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