Evaluation of equivalence of upslope method-derived myocardial perfusion index and transfer constant based on two-compartment tracer kinetic model

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the upslope method-derived myocardial perfusion index using the parameters based on a tracer kinetic model of iodixanol contrast agent and to validate this theoretically derived relationship using an ischemic canine model. The established modified Kety model was used to describe the extravascular diffusion of iodixanol contrast agent, which undergoes no cellular uptake or metabolism. This model consists of two functional compartments, one describing the vascular compartment and the second representing all myocardial capillaries, interstitium, and cells. These compartments are connected by two rate constants, K1 and k2, which represent the first-order transfer constants from the left ventricular (LV) blood to myocardium and from myocardium to the vascular system, respectively. In the early phase after the arrival of contrast agent in the myocardium, the relationship between K1 and the concentrations of iodixanol contrast agent in the myocardium and arterial blood (LV blood) is described by K1 = {dCmyo(tpeak)/dt}/Ca(tpeak) (Eq. 1), where Cmyo(t) is the relative concentration of iodixanol contrast agent in the myocardium at time t, Ca(t) is the relative concentration of iodixanol contrast agent in the LV blood, and tpeak is the time at the peak of Ca(t) and maximum upslope of Cmyo(t). Six canine models of left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis were prepared and underwent first-pass contrast-enhanced mult-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) perfusion imaging during adenosine infusion (0.14–0.21 mg/kg/min) to study a wide range of flow rates. K1 was measured using the Patlak plot method and upslope method applied to time-attenuation curve data of the LV blood pool and myocardium. The results were compared against microsphere myocardial blood flow measurements. The Patlak plot-derived K1 and upslope method-derived K1 showed a good linear association. Regional K1 can be measured accurately using the upslope method-derived myocardial perfusion index based on a compartment model.