Flexible electrode based on gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide for uric acid detection using linear sweep voltammetry

Abstract

In this work, an electrochemical sensor for uric acid determination is shown with a preliminary study for its validation in real samples (milk and urine). Uric acid can be electrochemically oxidized in aqueous solutions and thus it is possible to obtain electrochemical sensors for this chemical by means of this electrooxidation reaction. Indium tin oxide coated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate, modified with reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles by co-electrodeposition, was used. Electrodeposition was performed at -0.8V vs SCE for 200 s. All samples were characterized by electron scan microscopy and electron diffraction spectroscopy. A careful investigation on the effect of pH was performed to understand its influence on uric acid oxidation. The detection of uric acid was using the linear sweep voltammetry. Results show that the peak current increases linearly with uric acid concentration from 10 to 1000 µM with a limit of detection of about 7.1 µM. The sensor shows high selectivity towards different interferents that can be found in the milk and urine matrix, such as chloride, calcium, sodium and ammonium ions. To prove the applicability of the proposed sensor, uric acid was quantified in real milk and urine samples with excellent results comparable to those of conventional techniques.