Pattern of Clinicopathological Features of Head and Neck Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Level Specialized Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md Rakibul Islam Masud, M. Khan, Md Jahin Tareq Bhuiyan, Badrun Nahar Tuly, Mohammad Saiful Islam Pathan
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Abstract

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to see the pattern of clinicopathological features of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary level hospital. The study was conducted between January and April of 2017 in National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data was collected from a total number of 69 histopathologically and clinically confirmed patients. A male predominance (2.14:1) was noted except for oral cavity cancer (1:1). Mean age for males and females were (56.15±11.47) years and (54.50±7.16) years respectively. Positive history of associated factors like smoking (60.34%), betel nut and betel leaf (81.36%), smokeless tobacco (56.90%) was prevalent among majority of the participants except for alcohol (6.90%). Smoking was prevalent only among males. Knowledge regarding the role of associated factors was very poor, e.g., smoking (10.61%), betel nut & leaf (7.58%), smokeless tobacco (6.06%), alcohol (7.58%) for causing cancer. 10.71% patients gave positive family history of cancer (1st degree relative). 27.59% patients gave history of treatment by homeopathy/traditional healers. The most common sites of cancer in males were larynx (27.3%) followed by oral cavity (20.5%). In case of female patients, most common sites were oral cavity (40.9%) followed by larynx (22.7%). Most common histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (91.94%). Lymph node metastasis were present in 47.62% patients, whereas only 1.56% patients had distant metastasis and 3.13% had recurrent/residual disease. 18.64% patients gave history of definitive surgery. To conclude, most of the patients usually reported with advanced stages of cancer; however, preventable factors were found among all of them. Unfortunately, they had very poor knowledge about those preventable factors which warrants an immediate and elaborate public health program to fill up this vast gap of knowledge. Prevention and early diagnosis should be main arsenal to combat head and neck cancer. CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 108-113
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孟加拉国达卡一家三级专科医院头颈癌患者的临床病理特征模式
本文对某三级医院头颈癌患者的临床病理特征进行了横断面描述性研究。该研究于2017年1月至4月在孟加拉国达卡的国家癌症研究与医院研究所(NICRH)进行。数据来自69例经组织病理学和临床证实的患者。除口腔癌(1:1)外,男性占多数(2.14:1)。男性平均年龄为(56.15±11.47)岁,女性平均年龄为(54.50±7.16)岁。除酒精(6.90%)外,大多数参与者普遍存在吸烟(60.34%)、槟榔和槟榔叶(81.36%)、无烟烟草(56.90%)等相关因素的阳性病史。吸烟只在男性中流行。对相关因素的作用了解甚少,例如吸烟(10.61%)、槟榔和槟榔叶(7.58%)、无烟烟草(6.06%)、酒精(7.58%)导致癌症。10.71%患者有癌症家族史(一级亲属)。27.59%的患者有顺势疗法/中医治疗史。男性最常见的癌症部位是喉部(27.3%),其次是口腔(20.5%)。女性患者以口腔(40.9%)次之,喉部(22.7%)。最常见的组织病理类型为鳞状细胞癌(91.94%)。47.62%的患者存在淋巴结转移,1.56%的患者存在远处转移,3.13%的患者存在复发/残留病变。18.64%患者有明确手术史。综上所述,大多数患者通常报告为癌症晚期;但均存在可预防因素。不幸的是,他们对这些可预防的因素知之甚少,这就需要一个迅速而详尽的公共卫生计划来填补这一巨大的知识空白。预防和早期诊断应该是对抗头颈癌的主要武器。《中国医学杂志》2022年7月第11期[p]: 108-113
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