Persepsi, Stigma, dan Perilaku Ketidakpatuhan Pencegahan COVID-19 Pada Masyarakat Wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2020: Pendekatan Health Belief Model

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread in various parts of Indonesia. East Java Province is listed as one of the provinces with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceptions, stigma, and non-compliance behavior in preventing COVID-19 through a health belief model approach in the people of East Java Province. This cross-sectional study used voluntary sampling technique by distributing online questionnaires. This research took place in September – November 2020. The people of East Java province who participated were 420 respondents. The proportion of respondents who are not compliant in preventing COVID-19 is 57.4%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed a relationship between perceptions of contracting COVID-19 (OR=2.067; 95% CI=1.304 - 3.276), perceptions of barriers to preventing COVID-19 (OR=2.306; 95% CI= 1.151 - 4.621), perceptions of action cues (OR=1.968; 95% CI= 1.281 – 3.024), perceived severity of COVID-19 (OR=1.158; 95% CI 0.728 – 1.841), stigma (OR=1.467; 95% CI=0.595 – 3.615), gender (OR = 2.305; 95% CI = 1.388 – 3.828, high school education equivalent (OR =1.735; 95% CI = 1.100 – 2.734) with non-compliance behavior to prevent COVID-19. We concluded that non-compliance behavior in preventing COVID-19 was associated with the perception of being infected, the perception of obstacles, and the perception of action cues related to COVID-19. This study highlighted the necessity of COVID-19 education to improve community compliance in preventing COVID-19 through collaborative efforts by local government and stakeholders. Abstrak Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah menyebar di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Provinsi Jawa Timur tercatat sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19 tertinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan persepsi, stigma dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19 melalui pendekatan health belief model pada masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan teknik voluntary sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring. Penelitian ini berlangung pada September – November 2020. Masyarakat provinsi Jawa Timur yang berpartisipasi berjumlah 420 responden. Proporsi responden yang tidak patuh dalam melakukan pencegahan COVID-19 sebesar 57,4%. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara persepsi tertular COVID-19 (OR=2,067; CI 95%= 1,304 - 3,276), persepsi hambatan melakukan pencegahan COVID-19 (OR=2,306; CI 95%= 1,151 - 4,621), persepsi isyarat tindakan (OR=1,968; CI 95%= 1,281 – 3,024), persepsi keparahan (OR=1,158; CI 95% 0,728 – 1,841), stigma (OR=1,467; CI 95%=0,595 – 3,615), jenis kelamin (OR=2,305; CI 95%= 1,388 – 3,828), tingkat pendidikan SMA sederajat (OR=1,735; CI 95%= 1,100 – 2,734) dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19. Disimpulkan bahwa persepsi tertular, persepsi hambatan, dan persepsi isyarat tindakan terkait COVID-19 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perlu ditingkatkan edukasi COVID-19 yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah setempatdengan menjalin kerjasama lintas sektor untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan masyarakat dalam melakukan pencegahan COVID-19.