{"title":"PROGRAMMING OF YIELD OF GRAIN CROPS AND ITS ASSURANCE IN AGRICULTURE OF ULYANOVSK REGION","authors":"A. Toygildin, M.I. Semenkin, I. A. Toygildina","doi":"10.18286/1816-4501-2022-4-71-76","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates productive potential of grain crops and calculations to provide durable means of production and circulating capital goods of the crop production industry of Ulyanovsk region. According to a set of parameters, the climate-provided yield of grain crops is 4.52 t/haon the territory of the Ulyanovsk region, its level is limited by soil fertility and violation of science-based agricultural technologies. In order to achieve a climate-provided yield of grain crops, it is necessary to improve the technologies for their cultivation, taking into account moisture availability, soil fertility and other factors, in particular, it is necessary to improve the quality of seed material, justify the application rates of mineral fertilizers, carry out liming of acidic soils, justify plant protection systems and a system of machines for timely execution of technological operations. There is a need to improve the system of seed production of grain crops in Ulyanovsk region: namely, to increase the share of original and elite seeds in agricultural enterprises up to 25% of the total amount, which is 33,482 tons, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to intensify the work of seed farms in the region. To realize the bioclimatic potential of productivity of grain crops, it is necessary to improve the application rates of mineral fertilizers. Calculations carried out on removal of nutrients show that, on average, 144.0 kg/ha should be applied in the region, which is more than 90 thousand tons of a.w. with the following structure: nitrogen - 87.1 kg/ha (60.4%) and phosphorus - 57.2 kg/ha (39.6%). There are more than 450 thousand hectares of acidic soils that need liming in the structure of cultivated agricultural land; with an average application dose of 3 t/ha, agricultural enterprises must be provided with at least 1350 thousand tons of liming material. In case ofintensificationincrease of crop production, a rise of the number of harmful organisms is inevitable, therefore, the volume of application of plant protection products should be increased to 1205.8 thousand liters at the rate of 1.8 l/ha (at the current level of development of harmful organisms and registered plant protection products). For timely implementation of technological operations for cultivation of field crops, it is necessary to continue totechnically equipagriculture.","PeriodicalId":23563,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2022-4-71-76","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The article substantiates productive potential of grain crops and calculations to provide durable means of production and circulating capital goods of the crop production industry of Ulyanovsk region. According to a set of parameters, the climate-provided yield of grain crops is 4.52 t/haon the territory of the Ulyanovsk region, its level is limited by soil fertility and violation of science-based agricultural technologies. In order to achieve a climate-provided yield of grain crops, it is necessary to improve the technologies for their cultivation, taking into account moisture availability, soil fertility and other factors, in particular, it is necessary to improve the quality of seed material, justify the application rates of mineral fertilizers, carry out liming of acidic soils, justify plant protection systems and a system of machines for timely execution of technological operations. There is a need to improve the system of seed production of grain crops in Ulyanovsk region: namely, to increase the share of original and elite seeds in agricultural enterprises up to 25% of the total amount, which is 33,482 tons, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to intensify the work of seed farms in the region. To realize the bioclimatic potential of productivity of grain crops, it is necessary to improve the application rates of mineral fertilizers. Calculations carried out on removal of nutrients show that, on average, 144.0 kg/ha should be applied in the region, which is more than 90 thousand tons of a.w. with the following structure: nitrogen - 87.1 kg/ha (60.4%) and phosphorus - 57.2 kg/ha (39.6%). There are more than 450 thousand hectares of acidic soils that need liming in the structure of cultivated agricultural land; with an average application dose of 3 t/ha, agricultural enterprises must be provided with at least 1350 thousand tons of liming material. In case ofintensificationincrease of crop production, a rise of the number of harmful organisms is inevitable, therefore, the volume of application of plant protection products should be increased to 1205.8 thousand liters at the rate of 1.8 l/ha (at the current level of development of harmful organisms and registered plant protection products). For timely implementation of technological operations for cultivation of field crops, it is necessary to continue totechnically equipagriculture.