Brown bear feeding habits in a poor mast year where supplemental feeding occurs

IF 0.6 4区 生物学 Q4 ZOOLOGY Ursus Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI:10.2192/URSUS-D-19-00023.3
Joana Pereira, Leona Viličić, L. M. Rosalino, S. Reljić, Marina Habazin, Đ. Huber
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Abstract: The diet of free-ranging bears is an important dimension regarding their ecology, affecting their behavior, population structure, and relation with humans. In Croatia, there has been no recent study on the natural food habits of brown bears (Ursus arctos) or the influence of artificial feeding sites on their diet. During 2017, we collected 53 brown bear stomachs from bears in 2 regions of Croatia—Gorski Kotar and Lika—to assess their diet. Plants—Allium ursinum, the Poaceae family, Cornus mas, berries (i.e., Prunus avium, Rubus plicatus), beechnuts (Fagus spp.)—and various plant parts (i.e., dry leaves, buds, conifer needles, and twigs), as well as mushrooms, made up 80% of the percentage of the volume (%V) of all consumed items. Corn (Zea mays) from the feeding sites made up 37% of the bears' diet (%V), whereas 20% (%V) was meat and 14% (%V) was pome fruits. Scavenged or preyed animal species, such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), horse (Equus caballus), domestic pig (S. scrofa domesticus), cattle (Bos taurus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and small mammals comprised >66% of %FO (frequency of occurrence), but only 20% of %V. Our results showed that food resources (i.e., livestock such as horses, cattle, and pigs, and corn) found at supplemental feeding sites were more frequently chosen by bears than natural food in 2017, a year characterized by almost no beechnut crop. The results showed that subadult bears obtained most food from feeding sites. These 2 patterns suggested that bears may focus on artificial feeding sites to find food in years when natural food sources are depleted, although this should be tested using diet and food availability data collected from several years.
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棕熊在干旱年份的摄食习惯
摘要:自由放养熊的饮食是其生态的一个重要维度,影响着它们的行为、种群结构以及与人类的关系。在克罗地亚,最近没有关于棕熊(熊)的自然饮食习惯或人工饲养地点对其饮食的影响的研究。2017年,我们从克罗地亚戈尔斯基科塔尔和利卡两个地区的熊身上收集了53只棕熊的胃,以评估它们的饮食。植物——熊葱(allium ursinum),豆科,山茱萸(Cornus mas),浆果(即Prunus avium, Rubus plicatus),山毛榉(Fagus spp.)——以及各种植物部分(即干叶,芽,针叶和细枝),以及蘑菇,占所有消耗物品体积百分比(%V)的80%。来自饲养地点的玉米(Zea mays)占熊的饮食(%V)的37%,而20% (%V)是肉,14% (%V)是梨果。野猪(Sus scrofa)、马(Equus caballus)、家猪(S. scrofa domesticus)、牛(Bos taurus)、狍(Capreolus Capreolus)和小型哺乳动物等食腐或被捕食的动物物种占%FO(发生频率)的66%以上,但仅占%V的20%。我们的研究结果表明,在2017年,熊在补充喂食点找到的食物资源(即马、牛、猪和玉米等牲畜)比天然食物更频繁地被选择,这一年的特征是几乎没有毛豆作物。结果表明,亚成年熊从觅食地获得大部分食物。这两种模式表明,在自然食物来源枯竭的年份里,熊可能会专注于人工喂食地点寻找食物,尽管这应该通过几年来收集的饮食和食物可用性数据来验证。
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来源期刊
Ursus
Ursus 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
15.40%
发文量
12
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ursus includes a variety of articles on all aspects of bear management and research worldwide. Original manuscripts are welcome. In addition to manuscripts reporting original research, submissions may be based on thoughtful review and synthesis of previously-reported information, innovative philosophies and opinions, and public policy or legal aspects of wildlife conservation. Notes of general interest are also welcome. Invited manuscripts will be clearly identified, but will still be subject to peer review. All manuscripts must be in English. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed, and subject to rigorous editorial standards.
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