Problems of Modernization in Russia in the Book by Irina Potkina

M. A. Davydov
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Abstract

The author of the article highly appreciates the monograph by I. V. Potkina “On the eve of the catastrophe. The state and economy of Russia in 1914–1917”. The author of the book proposed a new approach to their study, which made it possible to identify features of the formation of the military-economic mobilization model and management of the national economy. I. V. Potkina classified eight main directions of the government’s economic policy. Comparing the ways of regulating the economy of the tsarist and the Provisional Government, the author showed that these were different periods of the formation of the mobilization model, and it was the policy of the Provisional Government that led to the collapse of the economy. As a result, the author of the monograph came to a reasonable conclusion that the economic policy of the tsarist government was in line with the challenges of the time and pan-European trends. The author of the article considers the thesis about the so-called systemic crisis of the autocracy far-fetched. He connects the problems of the country’s development in the late 19th — early 20th centuries with the fact that in 1861–1905 Russia tried to realize its first anti-capitalist utopia — that in the industrial age it is possible to be a “distinctive” great power, that is, to influence the destinies of the world, rejecting everything due to which competitors and opponents have achieved prosperity, primarily, the general civil legal system, the corresponding rights of all strata of the population and complete freedom of entrepreneurship. Only in 1906 did the transition to the rule of law begin.
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伊琳娜·波基娜的《俄罗斯现代化问题
本文作者高度赞赏波基纳的专著《灾难前夕》。1914-1917年俄国的国家与经济”。该书的作者提出了一种新的研究方法,使人们有可能认识到军事-经济动员模式形成和国民经济管理的特点。波基纳将政府的经济政策分为八个主要方向。通过对沙皇和临时政府调控经济的方式的比较,表明这是动员模式形成的不同时期,是临时政府的政策导致了经济的崩溃。因此,专著作者得出了一个合理的结论,即沙皇政府的经济政策符合时代的挑战和泛欧趋势。文章的作者认为,所谓专制制度的系统性危机是牵强附会的。他将俄罗斯在19世纪末至20世纪初的发展问题与1861-1905年俄罗斯试图实现其第一个反资本主义乌托邦的事实联系起来在工业时代,有可能成为一个“与众不同”的大国,也就是说,可以影响世界的命运,拒绝一切使竞争对手和对手取得繁荣的东西,首先是一般的民事法律制度,各阶层人口的相应权利和完全的创业自由。直到1906年才开始向法治过渡。
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发文量
20
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