Revisiting conventional microbiology techniques in the era of molecular testing

A. Vidyarthi, Arghya Das, Ankit Gupta
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Abstract

The diagnosis of infectious diseases has always been a matter of concern for clinicians worldwide. Although the conventional techniques like microscopy and culture have served the purpose since ages, they have been found to be inadequate now with the advent of modern technology including automated identification systems and molecular testing. The newer technology including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization – Time of Flight and molecular tests such as multiplex polymerase chain reactions and Next Generation Sequencing, has undoubtedly paved the way for diagnosis and discovery of various novel pathogens. This has subsequently given rise to a mindset that the conventional techniques are redundant and hence, should be abandoned. The authors, through the current review, would like to present a perspective in favour of the conventional techniques which still are one of the simplest, most inexpensive methods for diagnosing infectious diseases and provide us with the precious antimicrobial susceptibility data to guide our antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Further, considering the limited availability of the state-of-the-art molecular testing facilities across the country, it is recommended that rather than using them exclusively or separately, conventional methods and the molecular tests be used in conjunction wherever available and feasible.
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回顾分子检测时代的传统微生物学技术
传染病的诊断一直是全世界临床医生关注的问题。尽管像显微镜和培养这样的传统技术自古以来就起到了作用,但随着包括自动识别系统和分子测试在内的现代技术的出现,它们已经被发现是不够的。新的技术,包括基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间和分子测试,如多重聚合酶链反应和下一代测序,无疑为诊断和发现各种新型病原体铺平了道路。这就产生了一种观念,认为传统的技术是多余的,因此应该被抛弃。作者希望通过目前的综述,提出一个有利于传统技术的观点,因为传统技术仍然是诊断传染病最简单、最便宜的方法之一,并为我们提供宝贵的抗菌药物敏感性数据,以指导我们的抗菌药物管理规划。此外,考虑到全国最先进的分子检测设施有限,建议在有条件和可行的情况下将常规方法和分子检测结合起来使用,而不是单独或单独使用。
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