Formation of the winter wheat yield depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Topicality. In eco-friendly farming systems, the biologicals help to increase winter wheat productivity and improve grain quality. These include both stubble biodestructors that accelerate the return of nutrients from by-products to the soil and multifunctional biologicals with fertilising, growth-regulating and protective properties. Purpose. To determine the influence of the stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals under different fertilization backgrounds on the formation of individual plant productivity, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field method was used to study the interaction of the investigated factors on the plant growth and development, as well as and the winter wheat yield; quantitative-weight method – to determine the structure of the yield; mathematical and statistical method – to analyse the reliability of the obtained results. Results. It was established that the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals had an impact on the formation of the winter wheat yield and provided an increase in the number of productive stems by 4–9 %, grain weight per head by 3–7 %, and yield by 8–17 % against the background without fertilizers. The application of N90Р60К60 resulted in an increase in the number of productive stems by 10 %, the grain weight per head by 14 %, and the yield by 31% compared to the background without fertiliser. The use of biological preparations against this background provided an additional increase in productivity in the range of 9–15 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of productive stems and the weight of the ear of grain by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. On this background, the application of biologicals provided an additional increase in yield within 9–15 %, as well as an increase in the number of productive stems and grain weight per head by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat was provided by the combination of the stubble biodestructor Organic-Balance with the of seed and crop treatment with a multifunctional biologicals Organic-Balance on a non-fertilised background – 5.27 t/ha and on a mineral background – 6.79 t/ha due to high productive stem density and the highest grain weight per head. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on the non-fertilised background and mineral background with N90Р60К60, the maximum grain yield of winter wheat grown after sunflower was obtained due to the combination of technological elements, including the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals for seed and crop treatment. These eco-friendly elements have the potential to improve the winter wheat cultivation technology. Key words: winter wheat, fertilizer background, stubble biodestructor, multifunctional biologicals, productivity, grain quality