Modern immunobiological preparations for veterinary medicine

Abstract

With the development of human society, the intensification of agricultural production, climatic changes, environmental pollution, which negatively affect human and animal health, significant changes are taking place in the micro-world. The experience of infectionists show that the most effective way of protection against bacterial, as well as many viral and parasitic diseases, are antibiotics and vaccines.The article provides an overview of immunobiological remedies of veterinary medicine - whole-corpuscular, subunit, genetically engineered, vector and DNA vaccines, vaccines based on virus-like particles and transgenic plants. Whole–body vaccines are live and inactivated biological products, consisting of bacteria or viruses, that retain their integrity during the manufacturing process. Subunit vaccines consist of fragments of infectious disease pathogens capable of providing a specific immune response against a specific pathogen. The technology of manufacturing vector genetically engineered vaccines is based on the use of the virus as a vector for the transfer of genes of protective antigens of other viruses. A gene of the virus of interest is inserted into the genome of the avirulent virus, encoding an antigen that causes an immune response in the vaccinated organism. The avirulent virus modified in this way is used as a live viral vaccine. For the prevention of viral and bacterial diseases in veterinary practice, currently, the advantage is still given to live and inactivated whole-cell biologics, which have a full set of antigens and create intense immunity against infections. The last is the promising direction is the work on the design of genetically engineered vector and DNA vaccines.