{"title":"Chapter Two: Comparative defence statistics","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2020.1707962","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"a Total defence expenditure, including National Guard, Federal Border Service and military pensions; b Includes US Foreign Military Assistance Note: US dollar totals are calculated using average market exchange rates for 2019, derived using IMF data. The relative position of countries will vary not only as a result of actual adjustments in defence-spending levels, but also due to exchange-rate uctuations between domestic currencies and the US dollar. The use of average exchange rates reduces these uctuations, but the effects of such movements can be signi cant in a number of cases.","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"29 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Military Balance","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2020.1707962","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
a Total defence expenditure, including National Guard, Federal Border Service and military pensions; b Includes US Foreign Military Assistance Note: US dollar totals are calculated using average market exchange rates for 2019, derived using IMF data. The relative position of countries will vary not only as a result of actual adjustments in defence-spending levels, but also due to exchange-rate uctuations between domestic currencies and the US dollar. The use of average exchange rates reduces these uctuations, but the effects of such movements can be signi cant in a number of cases.
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