The Religious Factor in the Politics of the Spartan Kings

L. Pechatnova
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Abstract

The purpose of this work is to show how exactly the Spartan kings used the religious factor in their politics. The author pays special attention to the cases of the interaction between the Spartan kings and the Delphic priests, and analyses the results of these relations. The families of the Spartan kings very early established close contacts with Delphi. It was already Lycurgus, who most likely belonged to the Agiads, was so close to the Delphic priests that he was able to obtain from them a full approval of his legislative reforms. The author points out that the Agiads were more influential in Delphi than the Euripontides. It can be explained by the fact that representatives of the Agiads, as an older royal family, very early acquired friends in Delphi and were able to pass down these relations to their descendants. The author concludes that the Spartan kings had great authority in Delphi, especially in the 5th century BC. They managed to carry out a series of radical political actions with the help of priests, in one case depriving an undesirable co-ruler of power, in the other case — restoring an exiled king to the throne, in the third case — restoring the reputation of an illegally repressed and executed member of the royal family. The author shows that Delphi, in controversial cases, as a rule, supported the kings defending their interests. The illegal methods by which the kings acted in Delphi suggest that Spartan rulers differed greatly in their mentality from their fellow citizens.
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斯巴达国王政治中的宗教因素
这部作品的目的是展示斯巴达国王如何准确地在他们的政治中使用宗教因素。作者特别关注了斯巴达国王与德尔菲祭司之间互动的案例,并分析了这种关系的结果。斯巴达国王的家族很早就与特尔斐建立了密切的联系。莱库尔格斯很可能是阿伽德人的一员,他与德尔菲的祭司关系非常密切,因此他能够从他们那里获得立法改革的完全批准。作者指出,在德尔斐,阿基阿德斯比欧里波多尼德斯更有影响力。这可以用一个事实来解释,即阿吉亚德家族的代表,作为一个古老的王室家族,很早就在德尔菲结识了朋友,并能够将这些关系传给他们的后代。作者的结论是,斯巴达国王在德尔菲有很大的权威,特别是在公元前5世纪。在牧师的帮助下,他们成功地实施了一系列激进的政治行动,其中一次剥夺了一个不受欢迎的共同统治者的权力,另一次恢复了一个被流放的国王的王位,第三次恢复了一个被非法镇压和处决的王室成员的名誉。作者指出,在有争议的案件中,特尔斐通常支持国王维护自己的利益。国王在特尔斐采取的非法手段表明,斯巴达统治者的心态与他们的同胞大相径庭。
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20
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