FEATURES OF SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF PARKS, MONUMENT OF GARDEN AND PARK ART IN THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the spatial organization of parks, monuments of garden and park art in the Transcarpathian region, the structural elements of the park composition, directions for optimizing the territory are determined. An important component of the cultural and historical heritage of Transcarpathia are man-made landscapes-monuments of garden and park art Historically, most parks and squares were created on the territories of castle and palace complexes, private estates, and were established as arboretums – collections of rare plants. Bushes and trees were successfully acclimatized on their territories, which later replenished the assortment of species for industrial forestry, greening of cities and villages. The most interesting from the point of view of spatial organization are parks, which architectural works – monuments of architecture of different periods and styles. In many cases, it is the buildings that determine the features of the architectural and planning solutions of the parks; they are the centers to which the elements and components of the garden and park composition obey. The authors of the planning decisions of Transcarpathian parks-monuments are unknown, they were probably laid out by the owners of estates, guided by their vision of the style of gardens and parks. However, all the studied objects have special features characteristic of works of art: harmony, scale, proportionality of elements, emphasis on the main thing in the composition, attention to details. Seven parks meet these requirements: Shenborn, Grabar, Ploteni, Pereni, Podzamkovy, Wagner, Loudon, Square. They are different in area, located in different conditions, consist of different elements, but fully reflect the relationship of man to nature as a source of inspiration and beauty.