The influence of climate changes on the significance of mycotoxins

Nikolina Arsenac
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Abstract

Mycotoxins are secondary products of fungal metabolism that are toxic or have other negative biological effects on human or animal health. To date, about 650 different mycotoxins have been discovered, the most important of which are: alflatoxins, fumosins, ochratoxin, zearalenone, trichothecenes, patulin and others. The most important mycotoxigenic fungi are from the genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Claviceps and Alternaria. For each of the mentioned genera, certain, favorable conditions are needed for their growth and development: temperature, presence of moisture and carbon dioxide. As a result of global warming and changes in climatic conditions in some geographical areas, a greater amount of certain mycotoxins have appeared. In the last few decades, extremely hot and dry summers have led to an increase in the number of insects, which additionally contribute to the damage they cause by the settlement of mycotoxigenic fungi on agricultural products, and thus to an increase in the contamination of corn and other plant species with mycotoxins. Based on the knowledge so far, it is necessary to undertake a series of preventive measures to prevent and reduce contamination with Mycotoxins.
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气候变化对真菌毒素意义的影响
真菌毒素是真菌代谢的次生产物,对人类或动物健康具有毒性或其他负面生物效应。迄今为止,已经发现了大约650种不同的真菌毒素,其中最重要的是:曲霉毒素、曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、曲霉烯、曲霉素和其他。最重要的产毒真菌属:曲霉属、青霉属、镰刀菌属、锁骨菌属和互交菌属。对于上述每一个属,它们的生长和发育都需要一定的有利条件:温度、水分和二氧化碳的存在。由于全球变暖和某些地理区域气候条件的变化,某些真菌毒素出现了更多的数量。在过去的几十年里,极端炎热和干燥的夏季导致昆虫数量的增加,这进一步加剧了它们因产霉菌毒素的真菌在农产品上的沉降而造成的损害,从而增加了真菌毒素对玉米和其他植物物种的污染。根据目前的知识,有必要采取一系列预防措施来预防和减少真菌毒素的污染。
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