Sunscreens Percutaneous Absorption and Ingredients Concentration in Human Plasma and Urine: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Sunscreen application is widespread and incorporated into daily life. Although FDA has approved 16 sunscreen ingredients, recent studies suggest a revaluation of their potential adverse effects. This systematic review assesses sunscreens’ percutaneous absorption, toxicity, and their ingredients concentration in urine and plasma. The search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane until 05/08/2021. Data from 21 studies with related inclusion criteria were extracted. 18 studies reported sunscreen complications such as rash, irritation, immune system disorders, stratum corneum DNA damage, and hormonal disruption, 4 articles reported maximum concentration of sunscreen ingredients in plasma, and 4 articles reported urinary concentration of ingredients. In 2016, the FDA suggested a plasma concern level of 0.5 ng/mL for sunscreen ingredients. Sunscreen ingredients including avobenzone, octocrylene, ecamsule, homosalate, octisalate, enzacamene, octinoxate, and oxybenzone were detected more than 0.5 ng/mL after in blood 1-4 daily applications. Sunscreen application reduces the risk of sunlight harmful effects but could have advers effects related to their percutaneous penetration. Taken together, related data provide the impetus for detailed analysis of sunscreen toxicology. Also, highly adsorbed ingredients should be replaced with less adsorbed compounds to minimize body accumulation and the associated risks. Also, life time infant and children sunscreen exposure provide furthur impetus for in-depth toxicologic investigations