Effect of Tryptophan and Glutamic Acid on Phytochemical Traits of Iranian and Afghan Saffron

Naseer Mukhlis, A. Kheiry
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Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of Tryptophan and Glutamic acid amino acids on physiological traits of saffron, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 at the research farm of Zanjan University. Experimental treatments include three genotypes (Iranian, Afghani 1 and Afghani 2) as the main treatment and the amino acid Tryptophan at two levels (1 and 2 mM) and Glutamic acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) as sub-treatments, were considered with witnesses. The results showed that Tryptophan and Glutamic acid treatments had a significant effect about one percent (0.01 %) on the main traits including flower number, flower dry weight, vegetative body, phenol yield, antioxidant activity and crocin. Also, yield traits of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidants treated with two amino acids showed a significant difference about five percent (0.05 %). The maximum yields of phenol and flavonoids at 2 mM Tryptophan concentration were 0.35 and 0.026 mg / g, respectively, and the lowest yields at 1 mM Glutamic treatment were 0.34 and 0.02 mg / g, per hectare. In general, different levels of Tryptophan and Glutamic acid can play an effective role in improving the physiological traits and production of this product. Application of 1 mM Glutamic acid to produce the maximum vegetative body of the plant, treatment of 1 and 2 mM both amino acids to improve physiological parameters and 1 mM Glutamic acid for the performance of secondary metabolites is desirable and recommended.
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色氨酸和谷氨酸对伊朗和阿富汗藏红花植物化学性状的影响
为研究色氨酸和谷氨酸氨基酸对藏红花生理性状的影响,于2019年在赞詹大学研究农场采用3个重复的随机完全区组设计进行了因子试验。试验处理包括3个基因型(伊朗、阿富汗尼1和阿富汗尼2)为主要处理,并考虑了色氨酸水平(1和2 mM)和谷氨酸水平(1和2 mM)作为亚处理。结果表明,色氨酸和谷氨酸处理对花数、花干重、营养体、苯酚产量、抗氧化活性和藏红花素等主要性状有显著影响,影响幅度约为0.01%。两种氨基酸处理的酚类、黄酮类和抗氧化剂的产量性状差异约为5%(0.05%)。色氨酸浓度为2 mM时,苯酚和黄酮类化合物产量最高,分别为0.35和0.026 mg / g;谷氨酸浓度为1 mM时,最低,分别为0.34和0.02 mg / g /公顷。总的来说,不同水平的色氨酸和谷氨酸可以有效地改善该产品的生理性状和产量。应用1mm谷氨酸产生植株最大的营养体,处理1和2mm两种氨基酸以改善生理参数,1mm谷氨酸用于次级代谢产物的性能是可取的和推荐的。
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