Effectiveness of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis in Lateral Fall Prevention

Rieko Yamamoto, S. Itami, Masashi Kawabata, T. Shiraishi
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to validate the effectiveness of the newly developed Intelligent Foot Orthosis (IFO) at preventing lateral falls. The IFO is a wearable fall prevention system based on using a small magnetorheological brake to control the height of the lateral sole. Experiments were performed to compare the walking motions on a lateral slope under four conditions: without IFO, with IFO current-OFF, with IFO current-ON, and with IFO control-ON. The mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure horizontal distance (ML COG-COP HD) was measured in three-dimensional motion analysis to represent the change in posture on the frontal plane. To observe the corresponding muscular activity, surface electromyography (EMG) was performed to obtain the mean and peak root mean square (RMS) for the tibia anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) in the first half of the stance phase when the IFO applied control. In the results, ML COG-COP HD increased significantly under the "with IFO control-ON" compared to the "without IFO" and "with IFO current-ON" condition. The mean RMS of the TA was significantly decreased under the "with IFO current-ON" and "with IFO control-ON" conditions compared to the "without IFO" condition. These results demonstrate that the posture moved away from the lateral fall direction primarily due to IFO assistance rather than muscular activity, which would be a consequence of human postural control. Thus, the IFO does appear to help prevent lateral falls.
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智能足部矫形器预防侧跌倒的有效性
本研究的目的是验证新开发的智能足矫形器(IFO)在防止侧跌倒方面的有效性。IFO是一种可穿戴防摔系统,它使用一个小型磁流变制动器来控制外侧鞋底的高度。实验比较了无IFO、关闭IFO电流、打开IFO电流和打开IFO控制四种情况下在侧坡上行走的运动。在三维运动分析中测量中外侧重心和压力中心水平距离(ML COG-COP HD),以反映前平面姿态的变化。为了观察相应的肌肉活动,采用表面肌电图(EMG)获得站立前半期胫骨前肌(TA)和腓骨长肌(PL)在IFO施加控制时的均方根(RMS)均值和峰值。结果显示,与“无IFO”和“有IFO电流”条件相比,“有IFO控制”条件下的ML COG-COP HD显著增加。与“无IFO”条件相比,“有IFO电流打开”和“有IFO控制打开”条件下TA的平均均方根显著降低。这些结果表明,姿势偏离侧落方向主要是由于IFO辅助,而不是肌肉活动,这将是人类姿势控制的结果。因此,IFO似乎确实有助于防止横向坠落。
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