Concept of Drive of Sport Techniques in 21 Century

Abstract

The modern sports techniques (cars, motorcycles, bicycles) is drove in motion with use of transmissions with the controlled variable transfer ratio. The transmission provides variable speed of movement depending on external loading. The modern transmission has the step transfer ratio (4 - 5 steps). At each step the transfer ratio constant, and speed of movement is regulated by change of engine power. Achievement of the maximum speed of movement demands optimum control of switching of steps and the engine power.

Control of steps switching (both manual, and automatic) almost always is not the best. The moment of switching either lags, or advances optimum time of switching which depends on controlled power of the engine. Therefore achievement of the maximum speed of movement substantially depends on individual abilities of the driver. But even the big practical experience of the driver does not allow receiving the greatest possible result.

The ideal variant for a drive of sports techniques is not switched stepless transmission which provides the maximum possible speed of movement at any resistance to movement. The driver is controlling only by power of the engine choosing an optimum mode of movement.

V-belt self-regulated drive is capable to provide stepless regulation of speed of movement but it is insufficiently reliable and durable.

The tooth gearing is reliable and durable but it is not stepless transfer. The automatic gear box provides only automatic switching of steps which is not optimum. Besides, the automatic gear box is heavy and bulky. Such transmission cannot be established on a motorcycle or a bicycle.

The modern science about mechanisms and machines has opened essentially new phenomenon - effect of mechanical force adaptation [1,2 and 3]. According to this discovery the gear closed differential mechanism with two degrees of freedom provides movement of a output shaft with a speed inverse to the resistance moment.

Attempts of patenting of the closed differential mechanism with two degrees of freedom as self-regulated mechanism were undertaken earlier [4,5] but they did not contain a scientific substantiation of adaptation effect. These patents could not be used for creation of concrete designs with the set parameters of movement.

The patents developed on the basis of the discovery [6,7] allow creating self-regulated gear stepless transfer with the set range of the transfer ratio. Such transfer is named by adaptive transfer.

The gear adaptive transfer developed on the basis of the discovery has the elementary design and does not require any control. This transfer independently and continuously adapts to variable loading. Absence of management excludes subjective factors and provides ideal conformity to a variable mode of movement. Simplicity of a design allows establishing transfer on any sports vehicle (car, motorcycle, bicycle etc).

The concept of a drive of sports technique in 21 century consists in use of an adaptive gear transmission for sports vehicles.

In the present report the description of an adaptive tooth gearing, the basic laws of interconnection of parameters, animation model and pre-production model tests is presented