Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginitis in Pregnant Women with Insuficiencia Istmicocervical. A Differentiated Approach to Drug Therapy

Abstract

Objectivе of the Review: To study the modern methods of diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginitis in pregnant women complicated with insuficiencia istmicocervical (IIC). Key points. BV in pregnant women is a topical issue for obstetrician professionals since it can cause a number of unfavourable outcomes (miscarriage, premature delivery, antenatal infections). In case of impaired vaginal microbiocenosis in pregnant women complicated with IIC, it is preferable to use clinical scales, in particular Amsel’s criteria, with the vaginal pH being the main indicator. However, for a more complete diagnosis of vaginal dysbiosis, modern PCR-based methods are recommended. The review describes modern classification of vaginal biocenosis disorders. We discuss characteristics of differential therapy of BV and anaerobic vulvovaginitis with pН 4.5+, and the possibility of using metronidazoles and clotrimazoles in pregnant women for vagina sanitation before IIC correction. Conclusion. One method for BV therapy in pregnant women is the use of a combined intravaginal product containing Metronidazole 50 mg, which is recommended both by international and Russian clinical protocols as a first line therapy, and Clotrimazole 100 mg, since BV in pregnant women is frequently associated with fungi, or they start proliferating very fast because of reduced vaginal pH during therapy, thus causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. This product can be recommended for the therapy of a mixed infection and in presence of pathological discharges in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. Keywords: insuficiencia istmicocervical, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginitis, metronidazole, clotrimazole