Change in Patterns of Tobacco Use during Lockdown due to COVID-19

B. Yukti
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is among the biggest public health concerns globally, causing disease, disability, premature deaths with additional economic, social and environmental burden. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a nationwide lockdown in India which affected tobacco consumption due to various reasons. Objectives: This community-based-cross-sectional study aimed to assess the change in patterns of tobacco use during and after the lockdown. It also attempted to assess access to tobacco, withdrawal symptoms experienced, and perceptions about association of tobacco use with COVID-19. Methods: The study was conducted in Aliganj, an urbanized village, in South Delhi. 140 adults(aged >15 years) who used tobacco before the lockdown, residing in Aliganj were included in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS-21. Results: The prevalence of change in pattern of tobacco use during lockdown was 71.4% (66.7% smokers, 77.4% smokeless tobacco(SLT) users, 73.3% dual users). Quitting tobacco reported by 27.8% smokers, 30.2% SLT users, 13.3% dual users. A change in pattern after lockdown reported by 49.3% (45.8% smokers, 45.3% SLT users, 80% dual users). 46.2% reported experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Difficult availability of tobacco during lockdown reported by 60.0% and unavailability by 15.2%. Increased risk of COVID-19 infection among smokers and higher risk of developing severe disease perceived by 51.4% and 64.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Clear impact of lockdown on tobacco use is indicated by the difference between change in tobacco use pattern during and after lockdown. Lockdown restrictions led to decreased income, increased prices and decreased availability of tobacco, which were major reasons for changed pattern during lockdown. Lifting of restrictions (post lockdown period) resulting in return to regular pricing, availability of tobacco products and lack of support for those who experienced withdrawal symptoms, caused return to old patterns of usage after lockdown. The factors identified in this study, if translated to policy change, might be effective in reducing tobacco usage during the pandemic and beyond.. low-income families with the diversion of family income used to meetessential household expenses. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a nationwide lockdown from 25th March’20 in India. The gradual relaxation of lockdown began from 1st June’20 with continued restrictions in containment zones (areas with high prevalence of COVID-19). During the lockdown, people also experienced financial hardships due to decreased income.Shops selling and providing nonessential goods or services including tobacco products were closed. Contaminated hands and cigarettes/bidis may increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 while smoking. Hukkah is commonly used in communal settings, increasing the chances of contracting COVID-19through sharing of mouth-piece among users. During the lockdown, most of the population remained indoors, which could have increased the exposure of second-hand smoke among family members of smokers. Chewing of tobacco also leads to spitting. Spitting in public places by a SARS-CoV-2 infected person can increase the risk of spreading the virus in the community. Several studies have been conducted about the effect of smoking on covid-19. They have established an association between tobacco use and increased risk of contracting covid-19 and a severe form of the disease with poor outcomes such as the need for ICU care, mechanical ventilation, or mortality [3,6,7,8,9]. Few studies have been conducted on the change in patterns of tobacco use during lockdown [4,5]. This study was planned to assess the alteration in patterns of tobacco use during lockdown due to COVID-19 amongst adults residing in a community in New Delhi and to study the factors associated with alteration in that patterns of tobacco use.
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COVID-19封锁期间烟草使用模式的变化
烟草消费是全球最大的公共卫生问题之一,造成疾病、残疾和过早死亡,并带来额外的经济、社会和环境负担。新冠肺炎疫情导致印度全国范围内的封锁,由于各种原因影响了烟草消费。目的:这项以社区为基础的横断面研究旨在评估封锁期间和之后烟草使用模式的变化。它还试图评估获得烟草的途径、经历的戒断症状以及对烟草使用与COVID-19之间关系的看法。方法:本研究在德里南部的一个城市化村庄Aliganj进行,将居住在Aliganj的140名在封锁前吸烟的成年人(年龄>15岁)纳入研究。数据采用SPSS-21进行分析。结果:封锁期间烟草使用模式改变的患病率为71.4%(吸烟者66.7%,无烟烟草(SLT)使用者77.4%,双重使用者73.3%)。戒烟者占27.8%,SLT使用者占30.2%,双重使用者占13.3%。有49.3%的人报告在封锁后模式发生变化(45.8%的吸烟者,45.3%的SLT使用者,80%的双重使用者)。46.2%的人报告有戒断症状。60.0%的人报告在封锁期间难以获得烟草,15.2%的人报告无法获得烟草。吸烟者感染COVID-19的风险增加,患严重疾病的风险增加,分别为51.4%和64.3%。结论:封城期间和封城后烟草使用模式变化的差异表明封城对烟草使用的明显影响。封锁限制导致收入下降、价格上涨和烟草供应减少,这是封锁期间模式发生变化的主要原因。取消限制(封城期后),导致烟草产品恢复正常定价、可获得性以及对出现戒断症状的人缺乏支持,导致封城后烟草使用方式恢复到以前的模式。本研究确定的因素,如果转化为政策变化,可能有效地减少大流行期间和以后的烟草使用。低收入家庭,家庭收入用于满足基本家庭开支。2019冠状病毒病大流行导致印度从3月25日起实行全国封锁。从20年6月1日开始逐步放松封锁,在隔离区(COVID-19高流行地区)继续实行限制。在封锁期间,由于收入减少,人们也经历了经济困难。出售和提供包括烟草制品在内的非必需品或服务的商店被关闭。被污染的手和香烟/比迪烟可能会增加吸烟时感染COVID-19的风险。Hukkah通常用于公共场所,通过在用户之间共用嘴部,增加了感染covid -19的机会。在封锁期间,大多数人呆在室内,这可能增加了吸烟者家庭成员接触二手烟的机会。咀嚼烟草也会导致随地吐痰。SARS-CoV-2感染者在公共场所随地吐痰会增加病毒在社区传播的风险。关于吸烟对covid-19的影响已经进行了几项研究。他们已经确定了烟草使用与感染covid-19的风险增加以及结果较差的严重疾病(如需要ICU护理、机械通气或死亡)之间的关联[3,6,7,8,9]。关于封锁期间烟草使用模式变化的研究很少[4,5]。本研究计划评估居住在新德里一个社区的成年人在2019冠状病毒病封锁期间烟草使用模式的改变,并研究与烟草使用模式改变相关的因素。
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期刊介绍: Now being understood and treated as a significant and widespread disorder, sexual addiction and compulsivity is an enormously complex problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach from psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, family therapists, pastoral counselors, and law enforcement personnel. The first and only journal devoted to topics pertaining to this growing illness, Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention is a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal that provides a forum for research and clinical practice. As the source for information in this expanding new field, this journal will give practicing clinicians useful and innovative strategies for intervention and treatment from the necessary multidisciplinary perspective.
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