FACTORS OF ADAPTABILITY REDUCTION OF SWEET CHERRY (CERASUS AVIUM L.) VARIETIES IN THE SPRING PERIOD IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Abstract

The article presents results of the study of domestic and introduced varieties of sweet cherry in Prikubanskaya garden zone of the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of temperature stressimpact in the spring period from 2014 to 2021. Since sweet cherry is a rather specific stone fruit crop, whichproductivity is closely dependent on abiotic factors, its cultivation is limited mainly to the southern regions. The purpose of the study was to assess the adaptability of sweet cherry varieties, different in ecological, geographical and genetic origin, to spring stress factors. A yieldvariation of sweet cherry varieties in the south of Russia over the yearswas revealed,it varied from single fruits to 65 kg per treedepending on stressors in the spring period. A close relation (r = 0.855) was established between the yield of varieties and negative temperatures in April, the impact of which leads to yield decrease by 80-90%. Cherry varieties with increased resistance to spring temperature stress factors, characterized by more stable yields within 27.4-32.3 kg per tree or 13.7-16.1 tons per hectare, were distinguished: domestic Dar Izobiliya, Volshebnitsa and Alaya, introduced - Krupnoplodnaya with a yield of 24.7 kg per tree or 12.4 tons per hectare (with a planting pattern of 5 x 4 m).