The Determination of Urea with Hypobromite: A Theme for the Discussion of Numerous Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry

P. S. Francis, K. Lim, S. Lewis
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Abstract

Over the past century, numerous aspects of the reaction between urea and hypobromite have been exploited to quantify urea in clinical and industrial process samples. A review of these analytical approaches provides an interesting illustration of changes in a chemical system that indicate a reaction has occurred-the production of a gas, a color change, the release of heat, and the emission of light-and a variety of instruments that were developed to measure these changes and quantify a reacting species. In this paper we describe how we have used this material in a tutorial class for first-year undergraduate (freshman) students and a follow-up assignment, which we have included in the supporting material. In addition to the concepts exemplified by the above phenomena, we discuss the reaction pathway, which includes examples of ion and atom transfer. These are often overlooked in favor of electron transfer in the teaching of redox chemistry.
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用次溴酸盐测定尿素:讨论化学中许多基本概念的主题
在过去的一个世纪里,尿素和次溴酸盐之间的反应的许多方面已经被用来量化临床和工业过程样品中的尿素。对这些分析方法的回顾提供了一个有趣的例子,说明了化学系统中表明反应发生的变化——气体的产生、颜色的变化、热量的释放和光的发射——以及各种用来测量这些变化和量化反应物质的仪器。在本文中,我们描述了我们是如何在本科一年级(新生)的辅导课上使用这些材料的,以及我们在辅助材料中包含的后续作业。除了上述现象所说明的概念外,我们还讨论了反应途径,其中包括离子和原子转移的例子。在氧化还原化学的教学中,电子转移往往被忽视。
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