¿Cómo ha evolucionado la presión fiscal de la empresa española en la última década? Remedios normativos frente a la planificación fiscal

Abstract

espanolEn este trabajo hemos analizado la evolucion de la presion fiscal soportada por la empresa espanola en la ultima decada (2008-2017). Con base en una muestra de 31.966 observaciones empresas-anos y empleando medidas empiricas de tributacion efectiva inmunes al efecto de la variacion del tipo impositivo estatutario operada a partir de 2015, dejamos constancia de una significativa aproximacion gradual de los tipos reales a los nominales, convergencia que es especialmente apreciable en el segmento de las grandes empresas, a pesar de desplegar estrategias de planificacion fiscal mas eficientes que las de menor tamano. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que tales estrategias se han visto claramente neutralizadas y dominadas con exito por las medidas tributarias adoptadas en estos anos, tendentes a diferir la deducibilidad fiscal de determinados gastos y perdidas y a acelerar la recaudacion. En definitiva, la evidencia aqui documentada, que se mantiene ante diferentes extensiones y pruebas empiricas complementarias, no se compadece con la extendida creencia acerca de la baja tributacion de las empresas espanolas, senaladamente las de gran dimension. EnglishIn this paper the evolution of the tax burden supported by Spanish companies in the last decade (2008-2017) has been analysed. Based on a sample of 31,966 company-year observations and using empirical measures of effective taxation that are immune to the effect of the variation in the statutory tax rate operated from 2015 onwards, we record a significant gradual approximation of the real rates to the nominal rates, a convergence that is particularly noticeable in the large company segment, despite deploying more efficient tax planning strategies than those of a smaller size. Our findings reveal that such strategies have been clearly neutralized and successfully dominated by the tax measures adopted in these years, aimed at deferring the tax deductibility of certain expenses and losses and accelerating tax collection. To sum up, the evidence documented in this paper, which is supported by various extensions and complementary empirical evidence, does not match the widespread belief about the low taxation of Spanish companies, particularly those of a large size.