Rus’ Lands in the Fiscal Policy of Möngke Khan

A. Maiorov
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Abstract

The imperial project of the Mongols was based not only on conquering technologies, the most effective for their time, but also on new technologies for mobilizing, centralizing and managing the resources necessary for further conquests. The most important tool for mobilizing resources, both human and material, was the population census, which had a general imperial character and covered a significant part of the inhabited world – from China to the Rus’ principalities. Each newly conquered people or state, recognizing the power of the great khan, had to put at his disposal all the resources of their country, which was the main condition for the implementation of the imperial project of the Mongols, which had the goal of conquering the whole world and creating a global empire. Throughout the territory controlled by the Mongols, a unified tax and financial system was established, centralization and monetization of tax revenues were carried out, a centralized system was created for using labor resources and replenishing the armed forces through regular recruitment sets. By providing a higher level of integration and interaction between many peoples and creating a new multicultural imperial elite, the Mongols promoted an intensive exchange of knowledge and new technologies, including managerial ones, assimilating and developing them in the interests of the empire. As a result, accounting and resource mobilization tools borrowed from China found a new application at the other end of the empire – in the Caucasus and in the Rus’ lands.
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Möngke可汗财政政策中的罗斯土地
蒙古人的帝国计划不仅基于当时最有效的征服技术,而且还基于为进一步征服所需的动员、集中和管理资源的新技术。调动人力和物力资源的最重要工具是人口普查,它具有普遍的帝国特征,覆盖了从中国到罗斯公国的大部分有人居住的世界。每一个新征服的民族或国家,认识到大可汗的力量,不得不把他们国家的所有资源都交给他,这是蒙古人实施帝国计划的主要条件,蒙古人的目标是征服整个世界,建立一个全球性的帝国。在蒙古人控制的整个领土上,建立了统一的税收和财政制度,实行了税收的集中和货币化,建立了一个集中的制度来使用劳动力资源,并通过定期征兵来补充武装力量。通过在许多民族之间提供更高水平的融合和互动,并创造一个新的多元文化的帝国精英,蒙古人促进了知识和新技术的密集交流,包括管理技术,为了帝国的利益同化和发展它们。因此,从中国借来的会计和资源动员工具在帝国的另一端——高加索和罗斯的土地上找到了新的应用。
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