Rising Crack-Growth-Resistance Behavior in Cortical Bone: Implications for Toughness Measurements

D. Vashishth
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

Application of fracture mechanics to bone was undertaken to provide a better estimate of bone’s resistance to fracture as traditional strength of materials tests failed to provide a realistic measure due to the presence of inherent flaws and fatigue microcracks in bone (1). Consequently, over the last decade a number of fracture mechanics studies have characterized bone’s resistance to fracture in terms of critical stress intensity factor and critical strain energy release rate measured at the onset of a fracture crack (1–3). These studies, although useful, provide a limited insight into fracture behavior of bone as, unlike classical brittle materials, bone is a microcracking solid that derives its resistance to fracture during the process of crack propagation from microfracture mechanisms occurring behind the advancing crack front (4). More significantly age and disease-related alterations in the content and arrangement of bone, that cause reduced post-yield properties, are unlikely to be realized from initiation tests as such tests are limited to events at yielding.
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皮质骨的抗裂纹生长行为:对韧性测量的影响
由于骨中存在固有缺陷和疲劳微裂纹,传统的材料强度测试无法提供现实的测量,因此,将断裂力学应用于骨,以更好地估计骨的抗断裂性(1)。在过去的十年中,大量的断裂力学研究用临界应力强度因子和临界应变能释放率来表征骨的抗骨折性(1-3)。这些研究虽然有用,但对骨的断裂行为提供了有限的见解,因为与经典脆性材料不同,骨是一种微裂纹固体,在裂纹扩展过程中,其抗断裂能力来自于裂纹前沿推进后的微断裂机制(4)。更重要的是,年龄和疾病相关的骨含量和排列的改变会导致屈服后性能的降低。不太可能从起爆试验中实现,因为这种试验仅限于屈服时的事件。
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