Anatomi Jaringan, Identifikasi Mikroskopis, serta Kadar Polifenol Ekstrak Etanol Daun dari Tiga Jenis Jambu Genus Syzygium

Abstract

Tiga spesies dari genus Syzygium, seperti jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston), jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry), dan jambu semarang (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry), telah dimanfaatkan daunnya dalam pengobatan tradisional karena kandungan polifenolnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari anatomi jaringan, mikroskopis, kadar senyawa fenol, flavonoid, dan tanin ekstrak etanol daun dari tiga jenis jambu tersebut. Daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) digunakan sebagai pembanding. Anatomi jaringan daun dan identifikasi mikroskopis dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop. Penentuan kadar senyawa pada ekstrak etanol 70% ditentukan dengan metode kolorimetri yang absorbansinya diukur pada spektrofotometer UV- Vis. Anatomi jaringan daun dan fragmen pengenal secara mikroskopis ada kemiripan pada ketiga jenis daun jambu genus Syzygium. Secara statistik, ada perbedaan signifikan antara kadar fenol, flavonoid, dan tanin pada ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu air, daun jambu bol, dan daun jambu semarang dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu biji. Daun jambu air merupakan spesiesterpilih dari genus Syzygium yang diuji pada penelitian ini dengan kandungan polifenol yang tinggi.   Leaves of three guava species of the genus Syzygium, such as water apple/jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston), malay apple/jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry), and wax apple/jambu Semarang (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry), have been used in traditional medicine because of its polyphenol content. This study aims to investigate the anatomy of leaf tissues, powder microscopical characteristic, and total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins content in the ethanol extract of the leaves of the three types of selected guava species of the genus Syzygium. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) were used as a comparison. Leaf tissue anatomy and microscopic identification were carried out using a microscope. Determination of the polyphenol content in 70% ethanol extract was determined by the colorimetric method in which the absorbance was measured on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Leaf tissue anatomy and microscopic recognition fragments are similar in the three types of Syzygium guava leaves. Statistically, there were significant differences between the total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins content in the 70% ethanol extract of water apple, Malay apple, and wax apple compared to the 70% ethanol extract of guava leaves. Water apple leaves are selectedspecies from the genus Syzygium tested in this study with high polyphenol content.